| 单词 | 伯爵 |
| 释义 | 〔Bourbonnais〕A historical region and former province of central France in the Massif Central. It was held by the counts (later dukes) of Bourbon until 1527, when Francis I added it to the French crown lands.波旁奈依：一历史区域，原法国中部高地中心一省。1527年前一直由波旁伯爵（后为公爵）统治，同年弗兰西斯一世将其并入王室领地〔landgravine〕From Middle Low German landgravin [feminine of] landgrave [landgrave] * see landgrave 源自 中古低地德语 landgravin landgrave的阴性词 [有领地的伯爵] * 参见 landgrave〔marchioness〕A noblewoman ranking above a countess and below a duchess. Also called marquise 女贵族，其爵位在伯爵之上，公爵之下 也作 marquise〔Dumas〕French writer of swashbuckling historical romances, such asThe Count of Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers (both 1844). His son Alexandre (1824-1895), known as "Dumas fils, ” was a dramatist whose works include La Dame aux Camélias (1852). 仲马，亚历山大：(1802-1870) 法国作家，写作离奇的历史浪漫小说，如《基度山伯爵》 与 《三个火枪手》 （都作在1844年）。其子 亚历山大 (1824-1895年），被称为“ 《小》 仲马”是剧作家，作品包括 《茶花女》 （1852年） 〔Chesterfield〕English politician and writer best known forLetters to His Son (1774), which portrays the ideal 18th-century gentleman. 切斯特菲尔德伯爵：英国政治家和作家，最有名的著作为《致儿书信》 （1774年），书中描绘了18世纪的理想绅士 〔nobility〕A class of persons distinguished by high birth or rank and in Great Britain including dukes and duchesses, marquises and marchionesses, earls and countesses, viscounts and viscountesses, and barons and baronesses:贵族阶级：由高贵的出身或等级区分的一个阶级的人，在英国包括公爵和公爵夫人、侯爵和候爵夫人、伯爵和伯爵夫人、子爵和子爵夫人、男爵和田爵夫人：〔countess〕The wife or widow of a count in various European countries.伯爵夫人，伯爵的未亡人：许多欧洲国家的伯爵的妻子或遗孀〔county〕The territory under the jurisdiction of a count or earl.伯爵领地：由伯爵或郡主管辖之下的土地〔praline〕after César de Choiseul, Comte du Plessis- Praslin (1598-1675), French army officer 源自塞萨尔·德绪瓦塞尔，康德·杜布莱西 普哈斯兰伯爵 （1598-1675年）命名，法国军官 〔Battenberg〕Title of a family of German counts until 1314. The title was revived in 1851, first for counts and later for princes, but was renounced in 1917 by the English branch of the family in favor of the surname Mountbatten.巴滕伯格：1314年前一个德国伯爵家族的头衔，这个头衔在1851年恢复使用，首先是对伯爵，然后对王子，但在1917年被这个家族的英国的另一分支重新宣布改姓蒙巴顿〔peerage〕The rank, title, or jurisdiction of a peer or peeress; a duchy, marquisate, county, viscountcy, or barony.贵族：贵族或女贵族的爵位、头衔或权限；公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵或男爵〔jackanapes〕From Middle English Jack Napis [nickname of William de la Pole, Fourth Earl and First Duke of Suffolk (1396-1450)] 源自 中古英语 Jack Napis [萨福克一等公爵和四等伯爵，威廉·德·拉·波罗的绰号] 〔countess〕A woman holding the title of count or earl.女伯爵：具有伯爵或郡主头衔的女人〔Nesselrode〕After Count Karl Robert von Nesselrode (1780-1862), Russian politician 源自伯爵卡尔·罗伯特·凡 内赛尔罗德 (1780-1862年）， 俄国政治家 〔Blois〕A town of central France on the Loire River northeast of Tours. It was the seat of the powerful counts of Blois and a favorite residence of French royalty. Population, 47,243.布洛瓦：法国中部城市，位于图尔城东北，鲁瓦尔河畔。它是有权势的布洛瓦伯爵的封地，同时也是法国王室最喜爱的居住地。人口47,243〔marchesa〕An Italian noblewoman ranking above a countess and below a princess.女侯爵：意大利女贵族，爵位在伯爵之上，公爵之下〔uvarovite〕After Count Sergei Semenovitch Uvarov (1785-1855), president of the St. Petersburg Academy 源自谢尔孟·塞谬诺维契 乌瓦洛夫 (1785-1855年） 伯爵，圣皮特斯伯格学会的主席 〔Gonsalves〕American jazz tenor saxophonist known for his affinity for ballads and his fast, driving solos. After playing briefly with Count Basie and Dizzy Gillespie, he joined the Duke Ellington Orchestra in 1950.刚萨雷斯，保罗：美国爵士高音萨克斯风吹奏者，以其倾向于芭蕾舞曲及快板、强劲的独奏演奏风格最为著称，在与巴锡伯爵及吉莱斯皮简短的合奏之后，他在1950年加入埃林顿公爵管弦乐团〔yarborough〕After Charles Anderson Worsley, Second Earl of Yarborough (1809-1897), said to have bet 1,000 to 1 that such a hand would not occur 源自查尔斯·安德森·维斯利， 亚伯洛 的二等伯爵(1809-1897年），据说赌一千至一而不令全小出现 〔marchese〕from Medieval Latin (comēs) marcēnsis [(count) of the border] 源自 中世纪拉丁语 (comēs) marcēnsis [边境地区的（伯爵）] 〔count〕A nobleman in some European countries.伯爵：一些欧洲国家的贵族〔orrery〕After Charles Boyle, Fourth Earl of Orrery (1676-1731), for whom one was made 源自查理斯·鲍依尔， 奥若瑞 四等伯爵(1676-1731年），太阳系仪的制作者 〔boycott〕Charles C. Boycott seems to have been forced by his strong sense of duty into becoming a household word.Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland.The earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland.Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform.Any landlord who would not charge lower rents or any tenant who took over the farm of an evicted tenant would be given the complete cold shoulder by Parnell's supporters.Boycott, a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants.At this point members of Parnell's Irish Land League stepped in,and Boycott and his family found themselves isolated—without servants, farmhands, service in stores, or mail delivery.Boycott's name was quickly adopted as the term for this treatment,not just in English but in other languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Russian.查理斯·C·博伊考特看来是因为其强烈的责任感而成为一个家喻户晓的词。博伊考特是爱尔兰麦奥县俄内伯爵的房地产经纪人。俄内是占有爱尔兰大部分土地的不在地主集团中的一员。博伊考特于1880年秋季被选为一项新政策的试点，此项政策是由一个企图进行土地改革的爱尔兰政治家──查理斯·帕内尔提出的。那些不愿降低地租的地主或接管被驱逐佃户土地的佃农都被帕内尔的支持者疏远。作为原英军士兵的博伊考特，拒绝收取低地租并且驱逐佃户。此时帕内尔爱尔兰土地联盟成员插手了，博伊考特及其家人发现他们被孤立了──没有仆人，农业工人，得不到商店服务，也没有人送信。博伊考特的名字很快就被用作这种对待方法的专有名词，不仅用于在英语中，而且也用于如法语、荷兰语、德语和俄语的其他语言中〔voltaic〕After Count Alessandro Volta 源自 伯爵 亚历山德罗 Volta〔contessa〕Italian [feminine of] conte [count] 意大利语 conte的阴性词 [伯爵] 〔zeppelin〕After Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin 源自 伯爵 费迪南德·冯 Zeppelin〔earldom〕The rank or title of an earl.伯爵爵位：伯爵的头衔或封号〔watt〕One might well ask how many European scientists it takes to turn on a light bulb.If we think in terms of the names used for various units in the International, or meter-kilogram-second, System,a fair number are involved.Alphabetically arranged, these units are theampere, named for the French scientist Andr? Marie Ampère (1775-1836); thecoulomb, after the French scientist Charles A. de Coulomb (1736-1806); thefarad and the faraday, after the British scientist Michael Faraday (1791-1867); thejoule, after the British scientist James P. Joule (1818-1889); thenewton, after the British scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727); theohm, after the German scientist Georg S. Ohm (1789-1854); thevolt, after the Italian scientist Count Alessandro Volta (1745-1827); and thewatt, after the British scientist James Watt (1736-1819). Definitions such as that ofohm, "a unit of electrical resistance equal to that of a conductor in which a current of one ampere is produced by a potential of one volt across its terminals,” take on more human connotations when we think of how human contributions to the study of electricity are memorialized in them.The dates of first recorded use of the terms in English are as follows:ampere, 1881; coulomb, 1881; farad, 1861; faraday, 1904; joule, 1882; newton, 1904; ohm, 1870 (suggested in 1861); volt, 1873; and watt, 1882. 有人可能会问经过了多少位欧洲科学家才点亮了灯泡。如果我们以国际单位制或米—千克—秒单位制中各种单位之名称的形式来考虑的话，相当数量的人被包括了。这些单位按字母顺序排列是安培， 以法国科学家安德烈·马里耶·安培(1775—1836年）命名； 库仑， 以法国科学家夏尔·埃·德库仑(1736-1806年）命名； 法拉 和 法拉第， 以英国科学家迈克尔·法拉第(1791—1867年）命名； 焦耳 以英国科学家詹姆斯·皮·焦耳(1818—1889年）命名； 牛顿， 以英国科学家伊萨克·牛顿爵士(1642—1727年）命名； 欧姆， 以德国科学家格奥尔格·斯·欧姆(1789—1854年）命名； 伏特， 以意大利科学家亚历山德罗·沃尔塔伯爵(1745—1827年）命名； 瓦特， 以英国科学家詹姆士·瓦特(1736—1819年）命名。 定义诸如欧姆， “电阻单位，等于一伏特电压加于导体两端在导体内部产生一安培电流之导体电阻”， 当我们想到人们对电学做出的贡献是怎样在这之中得到纪念的时候，就带上了更多的人文内涵。英语中首次有记录的使用这些说法的时间如下：安培， 1881； 库仑， 1881； 法拉， 1861； 法拉第， 1904； 焦耳， 1882； 牛顿， 1904； 欧姆， 1870（在1861年建议使用）； 伏特， 1873；和 瓦特， 1882 〔sandwich〕After John Montagu, Fourth Earl of Sandwich (1718-1792), British politician 源自约翰·蒙塔古， 桑威治 四等伯爵（1718-1792年），英国政治家 〔Queensberry〕British aristocrat and boxing promoter who formulated the Marquis of Queensbury rules (1867) to govern boxing.昆斯伯里：英国贵族，拳击运动的促进者，他制定了昆斯伯里伯爵规则(1867年）来管理拳击〔marchese〕An Italian nobleman ranking above a count and below a prince.侯爵：意大利男贵族，爵位在伯爵之上，公爵之下〔sadism〕After Comte Donatien Alphonse Fran Sadeçois de 源自 伯爵 多纳蒂恩·阿方斯·弗朗 Sadeçois de〔Armagnac〕A historical region and former countship of southwest France in Gascony. Added to the French royal domain in 1607, the area is now noted for its viniculture.阿马尼亚克：法国西南部加斯科尼的一个历史地区，原为伯爵领地，1607年归为法国皇家领土，该地区现在以葡萄酿酒业闻名〔volt〕After Count Alessandro Volta 源自 伯爵 亚历山德罗 Volta〔coinage〕"Count Gengler was of common coinage, but in coming to America he took on a royal name"(Jimmy Breslin)“吉勒伯爵出身平凡，但到美洲大陆后就冠上了皇家的名字”(吉米·布雷斯林)〔Nivernais〕A historical region and former province of central France. A countship after the ninth century, it passed to various noble families before being incorporated into the royal domain by Louis XIV in 1669.尼韦奈（地区），历史上的一个地区，以前是法国中部的一个省，9世纪之后成为伯爵的领地，在1669年被路易十四合并入王室领地之前，曾转给不同的贵族家庭〔mind〕"I am sure that, since I have had the full use of my reason, nobody has ever heard me laugh" (Earl of Chesterfield).See also Synonyms at tend 2“我敢肯定，自从我运用了全部的理性之后，没有人再听到我笑过” （切斯特菲尔德伯爵） 参见同义词 tend2〔lord〕Used as a form of address for a marquis, an earl, or a viscount.勋爵：用作侯爵、伯爵或子爵的称呼〔brave〕"So faithful in love, and so dauntless in war,/ There never was knight like the young Lochinvar" (Sir Walter Scott). “对爱情如此忠诚，对战斗如此无惧，/没有一个骑士能象年轻的洛秦瓦那样” （沃尔特·斯科特伯爵）。〔honorable〕Used as a courtesy title for the children of barons and viscounts and the younger sons of earls.阁下：用作对男爵和子爵的子女和伯爵小儿子的尊称 |
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