| 单词 | 判断 |
| 释义 | 〔be〕Traditional grammar requires the nominative form of the pronoun in the predicate of the verbbe : It is I (not me ); That must be they (not them ), and so forth. Even literate speakers of Modern English have found the rule difficult to conform to,but the stigmatization ofIt is me is by now so deeply lodged among the canons of correctness that there is little likelihood that the construction will ever be entirely acceptable in formal writing.Adherence to the traditional rule in informal speech, however, has come to sound increasingly pedantic,and begins to sound absurd when the verb is contracted, as inIt's we. · The traditional rule creates particular problems when the pronoun followingbe also functions as the object of a verb or preposition in a relative clause, as in It is not them/they that we have in mind when we talk about "crime in the streets" nowadays, where the plural pronoun serves as both the predicate ofis and the object of have. In this example, 57 percent of the Usage Panel preferred the nominative formthey, 33 percent preferred the accusativethem, and 10 percent accepted both versions.But H.W. Fowler, like other authorities, argued that the use of the nominative here is an error caused by "the temptation . . . to assume, perhaps from hearingIt is me corrected to It is I, that a subjective [nominative] case cannot be wrong after the verb to be. ” Writers can usually find a way to avoid this problem: They are not the ones we have in mind, We have someone else in mind, and so on. See Usage Note at I 1we 传统语法要求系动词谓语中的代词用主格形式be ： It is I （而不是 me ）； That must be they （而不是 them ），等等。 即使现代英语有文化的人也发现很难遵守这个规则，而It is me 的烙印现在已深刻地印入了判断是否正确的准则之中， 以致很少有可能使这种用法在正式书面语中被完全接受。但是在非正式讲话中奉行传统规则已经日益变得象在卖弄学问。并且当系动词被缩减时，就象在It's we 中一样，听起来反而象是不合语法的。 当代词跟在be 后面做动词宾语或做关系从句中的介语宾语时，传统的规则就象在 当我们谈到当今“街上的犯罪”时，他们不是我们心中所想的那些人， 句中复数代词同时充当is 的宾语和 have 的宾语。 在这个例子中57%的用法使用小组更喜欢用主格形式they， 33%更喜欢用宾格形式them， 而10%则两种都接受。但是象其他的权威一样，H.W.福勒争论道，在这里用主格是一个错误，它之所以错是因为“多半听到了It is me 都被改正成 It is I 而拿不定主意，以为主格的情况在动词 to be 后面不可能错。” 作家们常常能够找到一个办法来避免这个问题： 他们不是我们所想的人，我们脑子里想的是另一些人等等 参见 I1we〔face〕had the face to question my judgment.厚颜无耻来怀疑我的判断〔estimate〕Rate involves determining the rank or grade of someone or something in relation to others: Rate 指的是根据别人来判断某人的等级和军衔： 〔acumen〕Quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or insight.敏锐，聪明：判断或洞察力的快速，准确及敏捷〔innate〕an innate knowledge of right and wrong.一种内在的对正确和错误的判断〔percussion〕A method of medical diagnosis in which various areas of the body, especially the chest, back, and abdomen, are tapped to determine by resonance the condition of internal organs.叩诊法：一种医疗诊断方法，通过敲击身体各部位，尤其是胸、脊和腹部，根据回声来判断内脏器管的状况〔existential〕an existential moment of choice.存在判断的选择时刻〔prejudice〕iūdicium [judgment] from iūdex iūdic- [judge] * see deik- iūdicium [判断] 源自 iūdex iūdic- [判断] * 参见 deik- 〔commonsense〕Having or exhibiting native good judgment:常识：具有或展示出自然的良好判断的：〔critical〕Characterized by careful, exact evaluation and judgment:有判断的：评价和判断细致的并且确切的：〔confirm〕validate a deed of sale) but can also refer to establishing the validity of something, such as a theory, claim, or judgment ( 使销售行为合法化)， 但也可以指证实某事的真实性，如理论、声明或判断( 〔evaluate〕To examine and judge carefully; appraise.See Synonyms at estimate 对…评价：仔细地考察和判断、评价；鉴定 参见 estimate〔criterion〕from kritēs [judge] 源自 kritēs [判断] 〔fool〕One who is regarded as deficient in judgment, sense, or understanding.蠢人，白痴：被认为缺乏判断、感觉或理解力的人〔mistime〕To time inaccurately or inappropriately; misjudge the timing of:安排不合时宜：错误地或不正确地安排…的时间；判断错时机的选择：〔extension〕The position assumed by an extended limb.伸肢定位：用伸出的肢体判断出的位置〔quality〕"From now on an artist will be judged only by the resonance of his solitude or the quality of his despair" (Cyril Connolly). “如今艺术家只能从他对孤独的反映或失望的程度来判断” （西里尔·康纳里）。 〔sanity〕Soundness of judgment or reason.明智：充分有力的判断或推理〔judicial〕from iūdicium [judgment] 源自 iūdicium [判断，判决，裁决] 〔estimate〕Evaluate implies considered judgment in ascertaining value: Evaluate 指为查明事情的本质而进行的大量判断与分析： 〔arbitrage〕from Latin arbitrārī [to give judgment] * see arbitrate 源自 拉丁语 arbitrārī [判断，审判] * 参见 arbitrate〔guesstimate〕An estimate based on conjecture.瞎猜：基于猜想而得出的判断〔face〕From appearances alone; apparently:从表面上判断；显然：〔judiciary〕from iūdex iūdic- [judge] * see judge 源自 iūdex iūdic- [审判，判断，裁判] * 参见 judge〔essay〕A testing or trial of the value or nature of a thing:试验：对事物价值或真伪的试验和判断：〔judicable〕from Latin iūdicāre [to judge] * see judge 源自 拉丁语 iūdicāre [判断，审判，裁判] * 参见 judge〔lemon〕Although we know neither where the lemon was first grownnor when it first came to Europe,we do know from its name alone that it came to us from the Middle East,because we can trace its etymological path.One of the earliest if not the earliest occurrences of our word is found in a Middle English customs document of 1420-1421.The Middle English word, which was of the formlimon, goes back to Old Frenchlimon, showing that yet another delicacy passed into England through France.The Old French word probably came from Italianlimone, another step on the route that leads back to the Arabic wordlaymūn or līmūn, which comes from the Persian wordlīmūn. 虽然我们既不知道柠檬是在哪儿被最早种植的，也不知道它是什么时候传到欧洲的，但是我们却能单从它的名字确切地判断出它是从中东地区传到我们的，因为我们可以追溯出它的语源的发展道路。如果不是最早出现的话，最早的发现记录于1420年至1421年之间的一份中古英语海关文件中。这个中古英语单词的形式是limon ， 可以追溯到古代法语中的limon 一词， 它表明又一种美味佳肴由法国传入了英国。这个古代法语单词很可能来源于意大利单词limone ， 这就更朝前一步地回到了阿拉伯语中的laymun 或 limun ， 这一单词来源于波斯语limun 〔hold〕To keep in the mind or convey as a judgment, conviction, or point of view:心怀，表达：留在脑海里或表达…的判断、观点或论点：〔knowledge〕"Obviously, a man's judgment cannot be better than the information on which he has based it" (Arthur Hays Sulzberger).“很显然，一个人的判断不可能超越作为这种判断基础的信息” （阿瑟·海斯·舒尔茨伯格）。〔affirmation〕Something declared to be true; a positive statement or judgment.证实：被断定是正确的事物；肯定的陈述或判断〔discretion〕Freedom to act or judge on one's own:行动的自由，判断的自由：〔estimation〕The amount, extent, position, size, or value reached in an estimate.评估的结果：通过判断得出的数量、程度、等级、大小或价值〔canon〕A basis for judgment; a standard or criterion.标准：判断的依据；标准或原则〔estimate〕A judgment based on one's impressions; an opinion.看法，判断：根据在某人脑中的印象来判断；意见〔prejudicial〕Causing or tending to preconceived judgment or convictions:引起偏见的，不利的：造成或趋于预想的判断或信念的：〔judgmental〕Inclined to make judgments, especially moral or personal ones:倾向于做出判断（尤指道德上的或个人的判断）的：〔estimation〕An opinion or a judgment.主见：意见或判断〔criticism〕The art, skill, or profession of making discriminating judgments and evaluations, especially of literary or other artistic works.评价：尤指对文学或其它艺术作品作出的有见识的判断和评价方法、技艺或职业〔conclusion〕A judgment or decision reached after deliberation.See Synonyms at decision 推定：经过细心分析得出的结论或判断 参见 decision〔conscience〕The part of the superego in psychoanalysis that judges the ethical nature of one's actions and thoughts and then transmits such determinations to the ego for consideration.超我之心：心理学上用来判断某人行为和思想的道德标准的超我部分，之后将判断结果传送给自我进行考虑 |
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