| 单词 | 区分 |
| 释义 | 〔gender〕The classification of a word or grammatical form in such a category.有性别的字的区分：在这种类别中，一个单词或语法形式的分类〔Ray〕English naturalist who was the first to use anatomy to distinguish between specific plants and animals and established "species" as the basic classification of living things.雷，约翰：(1627-1705) 英国博物学家，第一个使用解剖的方法区分各种不同的植物和动物，并确定把种作为区分生物的基本单位〔differentia〕from differēns different- [present participle of] differre [to differ] * see differ 源自 differēns different- differre的现在分词 [区分] * 参见 differ〔order〕Degree of quality or importance; rank:等级：按质量或重要性来区分的程度；等级：〔disparate〕Fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely dissimilar.异类的，完全不同的：从根本上种类有区分或不同的；根本不同的〔separate〕To differentiate or discriminate between; distinguish:区分：在…之间区分或辨别；识别：〔demarcate〕To separate clearly as if by boundaries; distinguish:区分，区别：清楚地分开，如同划了一条边界一般；区分：〔distinguish〕To perceive as being different or distinct.区分，辨别，分清：感觉到不同的或有区别的〔different〕from Latin differēns different- [present participle of] differre [to differ] * see differ 源自 拉丁语 differēns different- differre的现在分词 [区分] * 参见 differ〔compartmentalize〕To separate into distinct parts, categories, or compartments:划分，区分：分成不同的部分、类别或隔间：〔scumble〕a writer who scumbled the line that divides history and fiction.一名使区分历史和虚构事件的界线变得模糊不清的作家〔Negro〕A member of a major human racial division traditionally distinguished by physical characteristics such as brown to black pigmentation and often tightly curled hair, especially one of various peoples of sub-Saharan Africa.黑人：人类一个主要种族的成员，传统上按身体特征来区分，比如肤色棕色渐黑色，常有紧密的卷发，尤指非洲撒哈拉以南地区的人〔distinct〕Middle English [past participle of] distincten [to distinguish, discern] 中古英语 distincten的过去分词 [辨别，区分] 〔deluge〕dis- [apart] * see dis- dis- [区分] * 参见 dis-〔whale〕Any of various marine mammals of the order Cetacea, having the general shape of a fish with forelimbs modified to form flippers, a tail with horizontal flukes, and one or two blowholes for breathing, especially one of the very large species as distinguished from the smaller dolphins and porpoises.鲸：一种鲸目海生哺乳动物，具有鱼的外形，前肢变异以形成鳍肢，其尾巴带有水平尾片，有一或两个鼻孔以供呼吸，尤其指与小型海豚相区分的体型巨大的一类〔fils〕Used to distinguish a son from his father when they have the same given name.子，小辈：当父子有相同姓时用于区分他们〔partitive〕Dividing or serving to divide something into parts; marked by division.区分的，分割的：把某物分成部分的或易于分割的；具有分割特征的〔diagnosis〕dia- [apart] * see dia- dia- [区分] * 参见 dia-〔discriminate〕To distinguish by noting differences; differentiate:分辨：根据显著的不同来加以区别；区分：〔diacritic〕Diacritical.区分的，诊断的〔diagnosis〕from diagignōskein [to distinguish] 源自 diagignōskein [区分] 〔saying〕Aphorism, a concise expression of a truth or principle,implies depth of content and stylistic distinction: Aphorism 指真理或原则的简明表达，暗示内容的深度和形式的区分： 〔sector〕To divide (something) into sectors.区分：把（某物）分成部分〔distinguish〕To perceive or indicate differences; discriminate:区分，辨别；分清：〔Erigena〕Irish-born theologian and philosopher who sought to reconcile Neo-Platonism and Christian belief in his principal work,On the Division of Nature (862-866). 埃里金纳，约翰·斯科图斯：(810?-877?) 出生于爱尔兰的神学家与哲学家，曾试图在他的主要著作《论自然的区分》 （862-866年）中使新柏拉图主义与基督教信仰相结合 〔gift〕Gift has a long history of use as a verb meaning "to present as a gift; endow.” The practice appears to provide a useful distinction,in as much as the verbgive can sometimes be ambiguous between "to transfer physical possession" and "to transfer ownership"; and in fact a verb analogous togift is found in a number of other languages (for example, Italianregalare, "to give as a gift,” from regalo, "gift, present"). Unfortunately the verbal use ofgift in Modern English is irredeemably tainted (as is its derivative giftable ) by its association with the language of advertising and publicity (as in Gift her with this copper warming plate ). In an earlier surveythe usage was rejected by a large majority of the Usage Panel.Where clarity is required, substitutessuch asgive as a gift, bestow, or donate are recommended. · The phrasefree gift should, of course, be considered redundant. But the increasing currency of its use is indicative mainly of the degree to which the wordgift itself has been expropriated by advertisers to refer to merchandise offerings to which an obligation is attached—if not a direct price, then taking a test drive,sitting through a sales pitch, or enrolling in a book club.It is perhaps to this use ofgift, rather than to the redundancy free gift, that critics ought most strenuously to object. Gift 作动词意为“赠送礼物，赠予”的用法已有很长的历史了， 这种惯用法的出现提供了有用的区分，因为作为动词give 可能有时会在“传递有形财产“和”传递所有权“之间有模棱两可的意思； 但事实上类似于gift 的词是在其它语言上建立起来的 （如意大利语的regalare “作为礼物给予”来自于 regalo “礼物，礼品”）。 不幸的是gift 在现代英语中动词性质的用法由于广告语言和公众语言的联系而不可挽回地被污染了（如它的派生词 giftable ）（又如在 给她这个铜暖盘作为礼物 ）。 在较早的一个调查中，这种用法被大部分的用法专题使用小组的成员所反对。为了在此处的用法更清晰的一些替代词，如give as a gift, bestow 或 donate 被采纳了。 词组free gift 自然是应该被认为是多余的， 但是这种用法的迅速使用主要表示了gift 这个词被广告商所侵用而用来指提供商品优惠是一种附加的义务——如果不是直接的价格， 那么就参加一次竞赛活动，等待商品广告宣传或在一个读书俱乐部中报名登记。也许gift 的这种用法应该比冗余的 free gift 更为批评家所坚决反对 〔indistinguishable〕Impossible to differentiate or tell apart:难分辨的：不可能去区分或识别：〔methodology〕Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge.In this sense,one may speak ofobjections to the methodology of a geographic survey (i.e., objections dealing with the appropriateness of the methods used) or of themethodology of modern cognitive psychology (i.e., the principles and practices that underlie research in the field). In recent years, however,methodology has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for method in scientific and technical contexts, as inThe oil company has not yet decided on a methodology for restoring the beaches. This usage may have been fostered in part by the tendency to use the adjectivemethodological to mean "pertaining to methods,” in as much as the regularly formed adjectivemethodical has been preempted to mean "orderly, systematic.” But the misuse ofmethodology obscures an important conceptual distinction between the tools of scientific investigation (properly methods ) and the principles that determine how such tools are deployed and interpreted—a distinction that the scientific and scholarly communities, if not the wider public,should be expected to maintain.Methodology 可指对一个学科的研究方法进行的理论分析， 也可指一个学科特有的一整套方法与步骤。在这种意义上，人们可以说对于一个地理调查所用方法提出的异议 （即，关于所用方法是否适当所提的异议）， 也可以说现代认知心理学的研究方法 （即，形成一门学科的研究基础的原则和方法）。 然而，近些年来，在科学、技术语境中，methodology 越来越多地被用做颇带炫耀夸张色彩的 method 的替换词， 如说石油公司尚未决定恢复海滩环境的方法。 这种用法可能部分地起因于用形容词methodological 来表示“与方法有关的”意思的倾向， 因为用常规方法构成的形容词methodical 已先行意味着“有序的，有系统的”。 但是methodology 的这种错误用法模糊了一个重要的概念区分，那就是科学研究的方法（正确的说法应是 methods )和决定这些方法如何运用和阐释的原则之间的区分——这个区分， 如果不为更多的大众所认识，至少应为科学和学者圈子所坚持〔critic〕from krinein [to separate, judge] * see krei- 源自 krinein [区分，判断] * 参见 krei- 〔vitality〕The characteristic, principle, or force that distinguishes living things from nonliving things.活力：区分生命体与非生命体的特征、原则或力量〔individuality〕An individual or distinguishing feature.个性特征：个性的或带有区分性质的特征〔apart〕I can't tell the twins apart.我无法区分这一对双胞胎〔Austin〕British legal theorist who maintained that law is a form of command determined by power relationships and is therefore distinct from moral principles.奥斯丁，约翰：(1790-1859) 英国法学理论家，他坚持认为法律是由权力关系所决定的法令形式，因此与道德原则相区分〔secern〕To discern as separate; discriminate.区别：作为个体而区别；区分〔Sabellianism〕A version of Monarchianism holding that the Godhead was differentiated only into a succession of modes or operations and that the Father suffered as much as the Son.撒伯流主义：上帝一体论的一种说法，认为神格被区分成一连串的形态及显现方式且圣父与圣子同苦〔gender〕Traditionally,gender has been used primarily to refer to the grammatical categories of "masculine,” "feminine,” and "neuter"; but in recent years the word has become well established in its use to refer to sex-based categories,as in phrases such asgender gap and the politics of gender. This usage is supported by the practice of many anthropologists,who reservesex for reference to biological categories, while usinggender to refer to social or cultural categories. According to this rule,one would sayThe effectiveness of the medication appears to depend on the sex (not gender ) of the patient, butIn peasant societies, gender (not sex ) roles are likely to be more clearly defined. This distinction is useful in principle,but it is by no means widely observed,and considerable variation in usage occurs at all levels.传统地，gender 已被主要用来指“阳性”、“阴性”和“中性”的语法类别， 自近年来，这个单词已被人们普遍接受为指基于性别区分的类别，例如在词组性别差异 和 性别政治 中， 这种用法被许多人类学家所支持，他们把sex 局限为生物类别， 而用gender 来指社会和文化方面的类别。 根据这种规则，我们应该说医疗的有效性似乎取决于 （而不是 gender ） 病人的性别， 但是在农业国家中，性别的 （不是 sex ） 角色易于有更清楚的定义。 这种区分在原则上是有用的，但无法被人们广泛注意，而且大量变体出现于在不同水平的用法中〔amoral〕Lacking moral sensibility; not caring about right and wrong.无从区分是非的：缺乏道德感的；无所谓对错的〔criterion〕from krinein [to separate, judge] * see krei- 源自 krinein [区分，判断] * 参见 krei- 〔diacritical〕Marking a distinction; distinguishing.区分的：做出区别的；辨别的〔hairsplitting〕The making of unreasonably fine distinctions.吹毛求疵：作一些过于精细的区分 |
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