| 单词 | 名誉 |
| 释义 | 〔after〕seek after fame; go after big money.追逐名誉；追求钱财〔denigrate〕To attack the character or reputation of; speak ill of; defame.诋毁：攻击人格或名誉；说坏话；诽谤〔detritus〕"Poems, engravings, press releases—he eagerly scrutinizes the detritus of fame"(Carlin Romano)“诗歌、雕刻、发表的新闻…，他急切地仔细地阅读观看这些零零碎碎的象征名誉声望的物件”(卡林·罗马诺)〔archimandrite〕The head of a monastery or a group of monasteries.修道院名誉院长：修道院或一组修道院的院长〔honest〕from honōs [honor] 源自 honōs [名誉] 〔character〕Public estimation of someone; reputation:声名，声誉；名誉：〔fame〕Public estimation; reputation:公众声望；名誉：〔harlot〕Harlot is first recorded in English in a work written around the beginning of the 13th century, meaning "a man of no fixed occupation, vagabond, beggar,” also the first main sense of the word herlot, which we borrowed from Old French. The recorded history of a word is sometimes all we need to scotch conjectures as to its ultimate origins. William Lambarde, in a 1570-1576 work, suggested that the word harlot came from the name of Arletta, or "Harlothe,” William the Conqueror's mother. As we have seen, Lambarde was unnecessarily besmirching her, for the history of harlot makes clear that "prostitute" was not its first sense. In fact, the word came to mean "male lecher" before it meant "prostitute,” but by the time Lambarde wrote, "prostitute" must have been thought to have been the main sense of the word, hence his etymology. Harlot 在英语中首次出现于某部创作于约13世纪初的作品中，意指“没有固定职业的人，流浪者，乞丐，”这也是 herlot 一词由古法语转借而来的第一个主要意思。单词的历史记载通常可供我们推测该词的最初渊源，威廉·兰巴德在他于1570年到1576年间创作的作品中指出： harlot 一词来自于英王威廉一世的母亲阿莉塔或“哈洛特”的名字，我们知道，兰巴德并无需玷污英王母亲的名誉，因为 harlot 一词的历史很明白地表明“妓女”之意并非该词的第一个意思，实际上，该词在意为“妓女”之前所具备的意思是“好色的男人”，但在兰巴德创作之时，“妓女”一定已经被认为是该词的主要意思，这便是它的词源 〔vindicate〕"Our society permits people to sue for libel so that they may vindicate their reputations"(Irving R. Kaufman)“我们的社会准许人们为自自而申辩，这样他们就可以维护他们的名誉”(欧文R.考夫曼)〔fragile〕a fragile claim to fame.对名誉不切实际的欲望〔very〕 as well as by other syntactic criteria.But the status of other participles is still in flux.Some speakers accept phrases such asvery appreciated, very astonished, or very heartened, while others prefer alternatives usingvery much. What is more, some participles allow treatment as adjectives in one sense but not another:one may speak ofa very inflated reputation, for example, but not, ordinarily, of a very inflated balloon. As a result, there is no sure way to tell which participles may be modified by a barevery —syntactic tests such as the use of the participle as an attributive adjective will themselves yield different judgments for different speakers—and writers must trust their ears.When in doubt, the use ofvery much is generally the safer alternative. 也可以由其它句法标准衡量。但是其它分词的位置还仍旧在变动，一些人同意例如very appreciated, very astonished（非常欣赏的，非常惊讶的） 或者 very heartened（极受鼓舞的） 这样的词组， 而另一些人喜欢选择使very much （非常的） 这种用法。 另外，有些分词允许在某些意义上用作形容词，但不能用在其它意义上：例如一个人可以说a very inflated reputation（很好的名誉） ，但一般不说 a very inflated balloon（很鼓的气球）。 这样一来，就很难辨别哪一个分词能只用very 修饰——句法测验， 例如作为一个定语形容词的分词用法，对于不同的说话者能产生不同的判断——作者必须相信他们的耳朵。当有疑问时，very much 的用法通常是一个比较安全的选择 〔aspirant〕One who aspires, as to advancement, honors, or a high position.有抱负的人：有志向上追求的人，如晋升，名誉或高职位〔Hutchins〕American educator who was president (1929-1945) and chancellor (1945-1951) of the University of Chicago.哈钦斯，罗伯特·梅纳尔：(1899-1977) 美国教育家，曾任芝加哥大学校长(1929-1945年）和名誉校长(1945-1951年）〔famous〕from fāma [fame] * see bhā- 2源自 fāma [名誉] * 参见 bhā- 2〔smear〕An attempt to destroy a reputation; vilification or slander.诽谤，诋毁：毁坏名誉的企图；污蔑或诽谤〔detraction〕A derogatory or damaging comment on a person's character or reputation; disparagement:诽谤，毁誉：关于人的性情或名誉的贬抑性评论；毁谤：〔legend〕One that inspires legends or achieves legendary fame.传奇人物：具有传奇色彩或享有传奇式名誉的人物〔honorarium〕Latin honōrārium [from neuter of] honōrārius [honorary] 拉丁语 honōrārium 源自honōrārius的中性词 [名誉的] 〔goddess〕Something, such as fame or wealth, that is worshiped or idealized.被崇拜的东西：受崇拜或被美化的东西如名誉或财富〔salvo〕An expedient for protecting one's reputation or for soothing one's conscience.保全某人名誉或安慰某人良心的权宜之计〔fidelity〕fidelity to one's word of honor.爱惜自己的名誉。〔soil〕a reputation soiled by scandal.因丑闻而受玷污的名誉〔name〕Representation or repute, as opposed to reality:名义，代表：名义或名誉，与事实相反的：〔assassinate〕assassinate a rival's character.诋毁对手的名誉〔defame〕To damage the reputation, character, or good name of by slander or libel.See Synonyms at malign 用诽谤的手段损害…的名誉、人格或好名声 参见 malign〔scrofulous〕"a scrofulous, grim, darkly funny burlesque on art, celebrity, and love"(Stephen Schiff)“关于艺术、名誉和爱情的一种堕落的、可怕的、黑暗可笑的讽刺剧”(斯蒂芬·希夫)〔honorary〕Held or given as a mark of honor, especially conferred as an honor without the usual adjuncts:名誉的：作为一项荣誉而拥有或给予；尤指只作为荣誉授予而没有通常的附属利益：〔spot〕A flaw in one's reputation or character.（人格方面的）污点：名誉或性格方面的污渍〔libel〕A false publication in writing, printing, or typewriting or in signs or pictures that maliciously damages a person's reputation.诽谤：以手写、印刷、打字或以符号或图画形式出现的一种虚假的宣传，旨在恶意毁坏一个人的名誉〔spatter〕To sully the reputation of; defame.诋毁…的名誉；中伤〔bay〕Often bays Honor; renown. 常作 bays 名誉；名望〔vaporing〕"All his . . . dreams of fame were the vaporings of a shoddy aesthete without talent"(Thomas Wolfe)“他的关于名誉的所有的梦想只不过是没有审美品味的赝品的夸耀而已”(托马斯·沃尔夫)〔smear〕To stain or attempt to destroy the reputation of; vilify:污蔑，诋毁：玷污或企图毁掉某人的名誉；诽谤：〔disadvantage〕Damage or loss, especially to reputation or finances; detriment.损害，损失：（尤指对名誉或经济的）损害或损失；伤害〔summit〕The articulation of the theory of relativity catapulted Albert Einstein to the pinnacle of fame.相对论的问世将艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦推到了名誉的顶峰。〔rehabilitate〕To reinstate the good name of.恢复名誉：恢复…的良好名誉〔malign〕 Defame connotes damage to reputation, character, or good name brought about by misrepresentation: Defame 暗指由于虚假的陈述而导致的对名誉、品质或好名声的损害： 〔dishonor〕honor [honor] * see honor honor [名誉，荣誉] * 参见 honor〔malign〕 Vilify pertains to open, deliberate, vicious defamation or denigration: Vilify 属于那种公开的、蓄意的且恶毒的败坏他人名誉或诋毁他人的行为： 〔mudslinger〕One who makes malicious charges and otherwise attempts to discredit an opponent, as in a political campaign.毁谤者：制造恶意的指控并破坏对方名誉的人，如在政治竞选中 |
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