| 单词 | 早先 |
| 释义 | 〔she〕Used to refer to the woman or girl previously mentioned or implied.See Usage Note at I 1她：用于指早先提及或意指的妇女或小女孩 参见 I1〔Wampanoag〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting eastern Rhode Island and southeast Massachusetts, including Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket, with present-day descendants in this same area.万帕诺亚格人：美洲土著民族，早先居住于罗得岛州东部和马萨诸塞州东南部，包括马撒葡萄园岛和楠塔基特，现在的后裔也居住于此〔return〕To go or come back, as to an earlier condition or place.返回：回去或回来，如回到一个早先的状态或位置〔shank〕The early or primary part of a period of time:前半部：一段时间的早期或早先部分：〔intrusion〕The forcing of molten rock into an earlier formation.侵入：熔岩对早先形成岩石的直接进入〔revelation〕Something revealed, especially a dramatic disclosure of something not previously known or realized.被揭示的真相：被显露的东西，尤指早先未知或未认识到的东西的戏剧性揭露〔Mohawk〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting northeast New York along the Mohawk and upper Hudson valleys north to the St. Lawrence River, with present-day populations chiefly in southern Ontario and extreme northern New York. The Mohawk were the easternmost member of the Iroquois confederacy.莫霍克民族：美国土著民族，早先居住在纽约东北沿莫霍克河和哈得孙河谷北部，圣劳伦斯河以北。今天的人口主要在安大略湖以南和纽约州最北部。莫霍克族是易洛魁联盟最东部的成员〔return〕To revert to a former owner.归还：归还早先的主人〔Atsina〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting the plains of northern Montana and southern Saskatchewan, with a present-day population in north central Montana.阿齐纳族：美国的一支土著民族，早先居住于蒙大纳北部和萨斯喀彻温南部的平原地区，现在人口主要分布于蒙大纳中北部〔Arawak〕A member of a South American Indian people formerly inhabiting much of the Greater Antilles and now living chiefly in certain regions of Guiana.阿拉瓦克人：南美印第安族成员，早先居住在大安的列斯群岛大部，现在主要生活于圭亚纳的某些地区〔all〕The constructionall that is used informally in questions and negative sentences to mean "to the degree expected,” as inI know it won an Oscar, but the film is not all that exciting. In an earlier survey, the Usage Panel rejected the use of this construction in formal writing. · Sentences of the formAll X's are not Y may be ambiguous. All of the departments did not file a report may mean that some departments did not file, or that none did. If the first meaning is intended,it can be unambiguously expressed by the sentenceNot all of the departments filed a report. If the second meaning is intended, a paraphrase such asNone of the departments filed a report or All of the departments failed to file a report can be used. Note that the same problem can arise with other universal terms likeevery in negated sentences, as in the ambiguousEvery department did not file a report. See Usage Note at every all that 这种句法作为非正式用语用于问句和否定句中，意思为“达到所期望的程度地”， 如我知道这部影片获了奥斯卡奖，但它并不那么激动人心 一句中。 在早先的一次调查中，用法使用小组不同意在正式书面语中用这一短语。All X's are not Y 类型的句子可能会造成歧义。 All of the departrnents did not file a report 可以指一些部门没有提出，也可以指没有一个部门提出。 如果指的是第一个意思，它可以通过以下这句话明确地表达出来，Not all of the departments file a report。 如果指的是第二个意思，如None of the departments file a report 或者 All of the departments failed to file a report 都可以把意思表达清楚。 注意这种情况在其他整体词如every 用在否定句时也会碰到， 如下面这个有歧义的句子Every department did not file a report 参见 every〔Wappinger〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting the east bank of the Hudson River from Poughkeepsie to Manhattan and closely related to the Munsee-speaking peoples. The Wappinger dispersed to other Native American groups after warfare with the Dutch in the mid-17th century.瓦平格尔族：美国土著族之一，早先居住于从波基普西到曼哈顿的哈得孙河东岸，与说蒙西语的民族有密切联系。瓦平格尔人在17世纪中期与荷兰人交战之后分散到美国其它土著居民群落中〔aforetime〕At a former or past time; previously.从前地：以前或过去的时间；早先〔prototype〕An early, typical example.早先的典型事例〔Veracruz〕A city of east-central Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico east of Puebla. Founded in 1599 on a site visited earlier (1519) by Hernando Cortés, it was frequently sacked by buccaneers in the 17th and 18th centuries. U.S. troops led by Gen. Winfield Scott captured the city in 1847 during the Spanish-American War. Population, 284,822.维拉克鲁斯：墨西哥中东部的一个城市，位于普韦布拉以东的墨西哥湾沿岸，1599年创建于一个赫南多·科尔特斯早先到过(1519年）的地方，在17和18 世纪期间通常被西印度海盗劫掠。在美西战争期间该城于1847年被温菲尔德·斯科特将军率领的美国军队攻陷。人口284,822〔Mondale〕Vice President of the United States (1977-1981) under Jimmy Carter. He earlier served as a U.S. senator from Minnesota (1964-1977) and was the unsuccessful 1984 Democratic nominee for President.蒙代尔，沃尔特·弗雷德里克：(生于 1928) 美国卡特任总统时的副总统(1977-1981年）。他早先是来自明尼苏达州的参议员。他在1984年作为美国民主党总统候选人参选并遭失败〔implead〕To sue in court in response to an earlier pleading.控告：在法庭上回应早先的辩护而指控〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： 〔retouch〕To color (recent growth of hair) to match hair that was tinted, dyed, or bleached at an earlier date.补染：给（新长的头发）上色，以便与早先着色的、染过的或变浅的头发一致〔antecedent〕antecedents The important events and occurrences in one's early life. antecedents 早先的：某人早期生活中的重要事情及事件〔return〕"Part of them . . . reverted to their former prejudices in regard to Lincoln" (Baron Charnwood).“他们中的一部分…恢复了早先对林肯的偏见” （巴伦·查恩伍德）。〔retraction〕The act of recanting or disavowing a previously held statement or belief.撤回，收回：放弃或否定早先持有的声明或信仰的行为〔wampum〕Small cylindrical beads made from polished shells and fashioned into strings or belts, formerly used by certain Native American peoples as currency and jewelry or for ceremonial exchanges between groups. Also called peag 贝壳串珠：由磨光后的贝壳制成的穿成链或带状物的小圆柱形珠子，早先某些美洲土著民族用其作为货币与珠宝或用于部落之间礼仪交换之物 也作 peag〔early〕Of or occurring near the beginning of a given series, period of time, or course of events:早先的，早的：发生在一个系列、一段时间或事件过程之中的靠近初始阶段的：〔aforetime〕Earlier; former.早先的；以前的〔Creek〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting eastern Alabama, southwest Georgia, and northwest Florida and now located in central Oklahoma and southern Alabama. The Creek were removed to Indian Territory in the 1830's.克里克族：一个早先居住在美国亚拉巴马州东部、乔治亚州西南部及佛罗里达州西北部的印第安族，现分布于俄克拉荷马州中部和阿拉巴马州的南部。克里克族在19世纪30年代被迁移至印第安保护区〔pithecanthropus〕An extinct primate postulated from bones found in Java in 1891 and originally designatedPithecanthropus erectus because it was thought to represent a species evolutionarily between apes and human beings. Pithecanthropus is now classified as Homo erectus. 爪哇猿人：一绝种的猿人，据1891年爪哇发现的骨头推测出，因为认为它可能属于一种介于猿与人之间的物种，所以早先将其认定为爪哇直立猿人 。现在这种猿人被归为 直立人 〔pistole〕A gold coin equal to two escudos, formerly used in Spain.皮斯托尔：早先用于西班牙的一种金币，金币等于两埃斯库多〔comprise〕 While this distinction is still maintained by many writers,comprise is increasingly used, especially in the passive, in place of compose: The Union is comprised of 50 states. In an earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel found this use ofcomprise unacceptable. See Usage Note at include 虽然许多作家仍然坚持这个规则，但是comprise 越来越多地取代了 compose：联邦包括50个州。 在早先的调查中，大多数用法专题使用小组成员认为comprise 的这种用法是不可接受的 参见 include〔version〕A particular form or variation of an earlier or original type:某种形式：早先或者起初形式的一种变体： |
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