| 单词 | 明白 |
| 释义 | 〔plain〕Obvious to the mind; evident:明白的，明显的：观点清楚的；明了的：〔overt〕Open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret:公开的，明白的：公开的，明显的；不被掩藏、遮盖的或非秘密的：〔palpable〕Easily perceived; obvious:明白的：很容易察觉的；明显的：〔see〕 See, the most general,can mean merely to use the faculty of sightbut more often implies recognition, understanding, or appreciation: See 是最常见的，它可以只指用视觉器官，但更经常暗示发现、理解或明白： 〔unarguable〕the plain, unarguable facts.明白的无可辩驳的事实〔dig〕V., tr., sense 7 and intr., sense 3, perhaps influenced by Wolof degg [to hear, find out, understand] 不及物动词释义7和及物动词释义3，可能受 沃洛夫语 degg的影响 [听，发现，明白] 〔see〕To understand; comprehend.领会：理解；明白〔apparent〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "readily seen, perceived, or understood": 这些形容词共有的一个中心意思为“易见的，易察的，易明白的”： 〔spell〕To make perfectly clear and understandable:使十分清楚明白：〔broad〕gave us a broad hint to leave.作一个明白的暗示叫我们离开〔foresee〕To see or know beforehand:预知，先见：事先明白或知道：〔Teflon〕"It would make of Gorbachev's stewardship a truly Teflon chairmanship, demonstrating that no Soviet actions, regardless of how egregious, will cling to him"(New Republic)"It's clear that because[he] doesn't aspire to saving the entire human race, he's not going to get what the other leaders get—a coating of moral and political Teflon" (Wall Street Journal)“这会明白戈尔巴乔夫的乘务员职位是真正特氟隆制的主席的职位，表明不管多么异乎寻常，任何苏维埃行动都不会依靠他”(新共和国)“很清楚因为［他］ 不希望拯救整个人类，所以他将不会得到其他领导人所得到的——一个道德和政治的特氟隆涂层” (华尔街期刊)〔wise〕Provided with information; informed. Used withto : 明白的，机灵的：了解的；知情的，消息灵通的。与to 连用： 〔twig〕Irish Gaelic tuigim [I understand] 爱尔兰盖尔语 tuigim [我明白] 〔plain〕Clearly; simply:清楚地；明白地：〔mysterious〕 "It is not for me to attempt to fathom the inscrutable workings of Providence" (Earl of Birkenhead).“我并不想明白上帝神秘工作的义务” （伯克黑德中的厄尔）〔otorhinolaryngology〕Otorhinolaryngology is the type of medical specialty that drives the layperson to despair, both of pronouncing the word properly (ō'tō-rī'nō-lăr'ĭng-gŏlʹə-jē) and of having any notion of what it means.The wordsear, nose, and throat are quite clear, however, and that is what is meant byoto-, rhino-, and laryngo-, which are the forms of Greekous, "ear,” rhis, "nose,” and larunx, "larynx or upper part of the windpipe,” respectively, when used in combination with other word forms.耳鼻喉科学是医学专业的一种，由于正确拼读(o'to-ri'no-ar'ing-gol'o-je)和知晓其含义都需有一定的专业知识，所以外行人会对其发怵。其实ear, nose 和 throat 这些词是非常容易明白的， 它们分别代表的便是oto-，rhino- 和 laryngo-， 而这些词人分别代表希腊语形式ous, “耳朵”， rhis “鼻子”，和 larunx “喉或气管上端”， 它们就以这些形式与其他单词形式构成新词〔prude〕Being a prude has never been widely considered a good thing,but if we dig further into the history of the wordprude, we will find that it had a noble past.The change for the worse took place in French.Frenchprude first had a good sense, "wise woman,” but apparentlya woman could be too wise or, in the eyes of some,too observant of decorum and propriety,and soprude took on the sense in French that was brought into English along with the word, first recorded in 1704.The French word first meant "wise woman"becauseprude was a shortened form of prude femme (earlier in Old Frenchprode femme ), a word that was modeled on earlierpreudomme, "a man of experience and integrity.” The second part of this word is, of course,homme, "man.” Old Frenchprod, meaning "wise, prudent,” is from Vulgar Latin prōdis with the same sense. Prōdis in turn comes from Late Latin prōde, "advantageous,” derived from the verbprodesse, "to be good.” We can see that the history ofprude is filled with usefulness, profit, wisdom, and integrity, but in spite of all this,things did not turn out that well.人们从来没有普遍地认为做一个拘守礼仪的人是一件好事，但是如果我们深挖prude 这个词的历史， 我们会发现这个词有一个体面的过去。这个词变成贬义是在法语中发生的。法语词prude 开始时是褒义的，意为“明智或聪明的女人，” 但是很显然，女人可能会过于聪明或者在某些人的眼里，对仪表和行为的得体过分注重，这样法语词prude 就有了这个和词一起被引入英语的意思， 并最早记载于1704年。这个法语词开始时的意思之所以是“聪明的女人”，因为prude 是 prudefemme 的缩写形式 （更早的时候在古法语中为prodefemme )， 这个词模仿更早的一个词preudomme “一个富有经验而又正直的男人”而来。 这个词的第二部分当然是意为“男人”的homme。 意思是“聪明，谨慎”的古法语prod 由一个相同意思的俗拉丁词 prodis 而来。 Prodis 从后期拉丁语 prode 演变而来，意为“有利的”， 该词又从意思为“从善”的动词prudesse 衍生而来。 我们现在明白prude 的历史充满了有利、利益、智慧或忠诚的意思， 但尽管如此，事情并没有变得那么好〔expressly〕In an express or a definite manner; explicitly:明白地，显然地，确切地：快速或肯定的方式地；显示地：〔twig〕"As Europe is now twigging, the best breeding ground for innovators who know how to do business is often big, competitive companies"(Economist)“正如欧洲现在明白的，培养懂得怎么做生意的革新者的最好土壤是竞争性的大公司”(经济学家)〔meaning〕The significance of a green traffic light is generally understood.人们通常都明白绿色交通灯的含义。〔find〕To bring (oneself) to an awareness of what one truly wishes to be and do in life.明白（自己应走的方向）：使（自己）意识到自己在生活中真正想成为的人或想做的事〔dig〕or Irish Gaelic tuigim [I understand] * see twig 2或 爱尔兰盖尔语 tuigim [我明白] * 参见 twig2〔twig〕"The layman has twigged what the strategist twigged almost two decades ago"(Manchester Guardian Weekly)“外行明白了战略家近二十年前明白的东西”(曼彻斯特卫报周刊)〔twig〕variant of to-ucc- [to understand] to-ucc-的变体 [明白，理解] 〔bylaw〕A casual glance at the wordbylaw might make one think that the element by- means "secondary, subsidiary,” especially sincebylaw can mean "a secondary law.” It is possible thatby-, as in byway, has influencedbylaw in the sense "secondary law"; however,bylaw existed long before the sense in question. The word is first recorded in 1283 with the meaning "a body of customs or regulations, as of a village, manor, religious organization, or sect.”By- in this word comes from Old Norse, as may the wordbylaw, and is related to if not identical with the element -by in the names of many places, such as Whitby, where Scandinavians settled when they invaded England during the early Middle Ages.We get the sense of this-by if we compare the related word entered as bær, b÷r, bȳr, in the standard dictionary of Old Icelandic, meaning "a town or village" in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and "a farm or landed estate" in Iceland. We thus see whybylaw would mean "a body of customs of a village or manor" and why we use the word to mean "a law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization.”随意瞟一眼单词bylaw 可能会使人想起前缀 by- ，意为“第二位的，次要的”， 因为bylaw 意为“附属的法规”。 可能因为前缀by- 位于 byway 中， 它影响了bylaw “附属法规”这一意义； 然而bylaw 一词在上述意义产生之前早已存在。 该词最初是在1283年以“一种习俗或规章体系，如村庄、县邑、宗教组织或派系之中”这种含义记载的。前缀By- 来自古斯堪的纳维亚语中， 正如bylaw 一词在许多地名之中与后缀 -by 若不是完全一致，就是彼此相关， 如惠特比，这是斯堪的纳维亚人在中世纪早期侵入英格兰之后的定居地。如果我们将古冰岛标准字典中的相关词bær, b÷r, bȳr （在挪威、瑞典和丹麦这些国家中意为“城镇或村庄”而在冰岛意为“农场或庄园”）加以比较，就会得出后缀 -by 的含义。 我们因而可以明白为什么bylaw 一词意为“村庄或县邑的习俗体系” 以及我们为什么使用其“一种法规或规则，用于管理一个组织的内部事务”这一意义〔pacify〕"A wise government knows how to enforce with temper or to conciliate with dignity" (George Grenville).“一个明智的政府明白如何通过调和来加强或以威严来安抚” （乔治·格伦维尔）。〔expressly〕I expressly ordered the visitor to leave.我明白地让来访者离开〔shirty〕"He saw how shirty she was about it"(P.G. Wodehouse)“他明白她对这件事是多么恼火”(P.G.沃德豪斯)〔get〕Do you get this question?你明白这个问题吗〔come〕You'll come around after you hear the whole story.你听到整个故事之后你会明白〔light〕A state of awareness or understanding, especially as derived from a particular source:明白，理解：了解或知觉的状态，尤指通过某一特定来源：〔twig〕To be or become aware of the situation; understand:了解：了解形势；明白：〔follow〕To grasp the meaning or logic of; understand:理解：抓住意义或逻辑性；明白：〔explicit〕Fully and clearly expressed; leaving nothing implied.明白的，清楚的：表达得完全的和清楚的；毫不含糊的〔dig〕Do you dig what I mean?你明白我的意思吗?〔shoe〕You would understand my decision if you put yourself in my shoes.如果你处于我的位置，你就会明白我为什么会作这个决定了〔see〕I see your point.我明白你的意思〔mysterious〕the occult sciences. Something that isinscrutable cannot be fathomed by means of investigation or scrutiny: 神秘科学。 inscrutable 表示通过检查或观察都无法明白的事物： 〔see〕"I plainly perceive [that] some objections remain" (Edmund Burke). “我明白地看到［连接词］ 还有一些反对者” （埃德蒙·伯克）。 |
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