| 单词 | 是否 |
| 释义 | 〔around〕asked if the store manager was around.问一问商店经理是否在场〔undecided〕"Will this joint interview make up minds among the vast throng of undecideds?”(William Safire)“这次联合会见是否能让广大犹疑不定的选民作出决定呢?”(威廉·萨菲尔)〔wildcat〕Of, relating to, or being an oil or natural-gas well drilled speculatively in an area not known to be productive.野猫井的，初探井的：在不知是否产出的地区投机钻探的油井或汽井的，与此相关的或作为此的〔consistency〕questioned the consistency of the administration's actions with its stated policy.询问管理部门的行动是否与其宣称的政策相符合〔Solomonic〕"The court also will have to make the Solomonic determination whether any age limit applies"(Tom Wicker)“法院将就是否适用任何年龄限制而作出明智的决定”(汤姆·威克)〔and〕It is frequently asserted that sentences beginning withand or but express "incomplete thoughts" and are therefore incorrect. But this rule was ridiculed by grammarians like Wilson Follett (who ascribed it to "schoolmarmish rhetoric") and H.W. Fowler (who called it a "superstition"),and the stricture has been ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Virginia Woolf.Members of the Usage Panel were asked whether they paid attention to the rule in their own writing:24 percent answered "always or usually,” 36 percent answered "sometimes,” and 40 percent answered "rarely or never.”See Usage Note at both ,but ,try ,with 通常认为用and 或 but 开始的句子表达“不完整的思想”，因而是不正确的。 但这条规则被一些语法学家所嘲弄，如威尔逊·弗莱特（称之为“古板的修辞”），和H·W福勒（称之为“迷信”），从莎士比亚到弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫之间的作家都忽视了这条规定。当用法专题小组的成员被问到在他们的自己写作中是否也注意到这条规则时：24%的人回答“一直是这样或一般是这样”，36%的人回答“有时这样”，40%的人回答“很少或从来没有” 参见 both,but,try,with〔blood〕"The measure of an army is not known until it has been blooded"(Tom Clancy)“军队是否精良要其历经战火考验后才可知晓”(汤姆·克兰西)〔aorist〕A form of a verb in some languages, such as Classical Greek, that expresses action without indicating its completion or continuation.不定过去时：某些语言中动词的一种形式，如古希腊语中，其不表明动作是否已完成或正在继续〔foist〕"I can usually tell whether a poet . . . is foisting off on us what he'd like to think is pure invention"(J.D. Salinger)“我通常是能够区分出一个诗人…是否以他自以为完全是创新的文辞蒙混我们”(J.D.塞林杰)〔tolidine〕Any of several isomeric bases, C14H 16N 2, derived from toluene, one of which is used as a reagent to test for gold and for chlorine in water. 联甲苯胺：C14H 16N 2同分异构体中的任意一种，由甲苯变化而成，其中有一种可用作察看水中是否含金或氯气的试剂 〔salver〕from Spanish salva [tasting of food to detect poison, salver] 源自 西班牙语 salva [尝食物查明是否有毒，浅盘] 〔mannequin〕A life-size full or partial representation of the human body, used for the fitting or displaying of clothes; a dummy.人体模型：如真人大小的、全身或半身的人体模型，用于量试衣服是否合适或展示服装；人体模型〔salver〕from salvar [to save, taste food to detect poison] 源自 salvar [救助，尝食物是否有毒] 〔wildcat〕An oil or natural-gas well drilled in an area not known to be productive.野猫井，初探井：在未知是否产出的地区钻探的油井或天然气井〔between〕According to a widely repeated but unjustified tradition,“between is used for two, and among for more than two.” It is true thatbetween is the only choice when exactly two entities are specified: the choice between (not among ) good and evil, the rivalry between (not among ) Great Britain and France. When more than two entities are involved, however, or when the number of entities is unspecified,the choice of one or the other word depends on the intended sense.Between is used when the entities are considered as distinct individuals; among, when they are considered as a mass or collectivity. Thus in the sentenceThe bomb landed between the houses, the houses are seen as points that define the boundaries of the area of impact (so that we presume that none of the individual houses was hit). InThe bomb landed among the houses, the area of impact is considered to be the general location of the houses, taken together (in which case it is left open whether any houses were hit). By the same token, we may speak ofa series of wars between the Greek cities, which suggests that each city was an independent belligerent, or ofa series of wars among the Greek cities, which allows as well the possibility that the belligerents were shifting alliances of cities. For this reason,among is most appropriate to indicate inclusion in a group: 根据重复多次但没什么根据的传统看法，“between 用于两者之间，而 among 用于二者以上。” 当只提到两个实体时，between 确实是唯一的选择： the choice between （而不用 among ） good and evil（善与恶之间的选择），the rivalry between （不用 among ） Great Britain and France（英法间的对抗）。 当牵涉到两个以上实体时，如果实体的数目不确定，选择其中之一则取决于倾向性。当实体被看作不同的个体时用between ； 当其被看作整体或集合时用among 。 因此在句子The bomb landed between the houses 中，房屋被看作一个限定了中弹地区的界限（ 所以我们假设一所所单独的房子未被击中）。在The bomb landed among the houses 中，被中弹地区被看作是房屋的整体地区（ 在这种情形下房屋是否被击中并未说明）。同样的表示法，我们可以说a series of wars between the Greek cities， 表示每个城市是独立的参战者，我们也可以说a series of wars among the Greek cities， 表示存在某些城市做为联合参战者的可能性。 因此，among 最适合表示包括在一群成一组人之内： 〔electroscope〕An instrument used to detect the presence, sign, and in some configurations the magnitude of an electric charge by the mutual attraction or repulsion of metal foils or pith balls.验电器：用于如下目的的一种仪器：检验物体是否带电，指示物体是否带电，通过金箔条或木球的互相吸引或排斥测量电荷的强度〔fun〕The use offun as an attributive adjective, as ina fun time, a fun place, most likely originated in a playful reanalysis of the use of the word in sentencessuch asIt is fun to ski, wherefun behaves syntactically like an adjective such as amusing or swell. The usage became popular in the 1950's and 1960's, though there is some evidence to suggest that it has 19th-century antecedents.Certainly the sense of this word makes it particularly susceptible to jocular treatment.But as with other such reanalyses (for example, in the expressiona whole 'nother ), the usage appears to have persisted after the original flavor had been lost.Thus there is no intimation of humorous intent in a press release that announces: fun 作为定语形容词使用， 如一段愉快的时光，一个娱乐场所， 极有可能源于对此词在某些句中用法的玩笑性再分析，如滑雪真好玩 从句法功能来讲， fun 在这里的用法象 amusing 或 swell 之类的形容词。 尽管有证据表明19世纪就出现这种用法了，但开始变得流行却在19世纪50,60年代。当然，此词的这层含义尤令人怀疑对方是否在打趣。但正如其他这类再分析词（例如，在句子a whole 'nother 中一样）， 此用法在最初的含义都失去之后，还一直坚持使用下来。因此当报界发布以下消息时就从中找不出任何滑稽意味了： 〔right〕It is my prerogative to change my mind. Aperquisite is a privilege or advantage accorded to one by virtue of one's position or the needs of one's employment: 是否改变主意是我的权利。 Perguisite 是指由于某人地位的功效或者其工作需要而享有的特权或利益： 〔ballottement〕Palpation of the abdominal wall while a kidney is being pushed sharply from the backside, used as a test for determining the presence of a floating kidney.肾脏检胎法：当肾脏被从后侧急推时而进行的腹壁触诊，用作确定浮游肾是否存在的检查〔ask〕Examine refers particularly to close and detailed questioning to ascertain the extent of a person's knowledge or the adequacy of his or her qualifications: Examine 尤指细微和详细的提问以确认某人的知识范围或他或她的资格是否符合： 〔ontological〕Of or relating to the argument for the existence of God holding that the existence of the concept of God entails the existence of God.存在论的：对于神是否存在的争论的或与其相关的，认为既然有神的观念所以神存在〔isoflavone〕One of a family of phytoestrogens found chiefly in soybeans that is under investigation for its preventive health benefits as a nutritional supplement.大豆异黄酮：主要发现于黄豆中一种雌激素，正在研究其是否具预防疾病的健康功能以作为营养补给品〔compos〕"The well-being of the country, even the survival of the world, depends on the president's being compos"(Morton Kondracke)“这个国家的繁荣，甚至连世界的生存，都取决于这个总统的神志是否正常”(莫顿·康德拉克)〔contingent〕arms sales contingent on the approval of Congress.See Synonyms at dependent 取决于议会是否赞成的武器销售 参见 dependent〔doubt〕That is also the usual choice when the truth of the clause following doubt is assumed, as in negative sentences and questions. ThusI never doubted for a minute that I would be rescued implies "I was certain that I would be rescued.” By the same token,Do you doubt that you will be paid? seems to pose a rhetorical question ("Surely you believe that you will be paid"), whereasDo you doubt whether you will be paid? may express a genuine request for information and might be followed bybecause if you do, you should make the client post a bond. In other cases, however, this distinction betweenwhether and that is not always observed, andthat is frequently used as a substitute for whether. If may also be used as a substitute forwhether but is more informal in tone. ·In informal speech the clause followingdoubt is sometimes introduced with but: I don't doubt but (or but what ) he will come. Reputable precedent exists for this construction,as in"I do not doubt but England is at present as polite a Nation as any in the World" (Richard Steele),but modern critics sometimes object to its use in formal writing.See Usage Note at but ,if 在否定句及疑问句中当doubt 后的从句所作陈述被认为是真时，用 that 。 所以我从不怀疑我会被救起 意思就是“我确信我会得救”。 同样你怀疑人家会赖帐吗？ 似乎就成了一个反问句（“你当然相信人家不会赖帐了”）， 而你怀疑人家是否付款吗？ 就表示一个真诚的询问， 可能接下来会说因为如果你怀疑的话，你就该让顾客付保证金 。 在其它情况下，whether 和 that 的区别并不很明显， 而且that 经常用来替代 whether。 If 也经常用来代替whether ， 但是语气不很正式。在非正式语气中doubt 后面的从句有时由 but引导：I don't doubt but （或 but what ) he will come。 这种结构有其先例且属规范用法，如“我不怀疑目前的英格兰象世界上其他国家一样是礼义之邦” （理查德·斯蒂尔），但现代评论家有时反对在正式文体中这样使用 参见 but,if〔scan〕scanning the horizon for signs of land.扫视海天相接处是否有陆地的迹象〔analyze〕analyze an ore to see if it contains iron;分解一粒矿砂确定其是否含铁；〔whether〕Used in indirect questions to introduce one alternative:是不是，是否：用于间接引语中以引出一选择：〔ante〕"Whether they could actually turn back Soviet policy depended on many factors that Moscow might yet choose to test by upping the ante"(Foreign Affairs)“他们是否会真正回到苏联政策上要看很多因素，莫斯科也许会通过增加费用来试一试”(外交事务)〔if〕We shall soon learn whether (or if ) it is true. 我们很快就会知道这是否（或 if ) 是真实的。 〔downslide〕"a growing concern among . . . board leaders about whether the economy could be headed for a downslide"(Andrée Brooks)“董事长们越来越关注的问题，即经济是否有下跌趋势”(安德里·布鲁克斯)〔very〕In general usagevery is not used alone to modify a past participle. Thus we may say of a book, for example, that it has beenvery much praised, very much criticized, very much applauded, or whatever, but not that it has beenvery praised, very criticized, or very applauded. However, many past participle forms do double duty as adjectives,in which case modification by a barevery, or by analogous adverbs such as quite, is acceptable: there can be no objection to phrases such asa very creased handkerchief, a very celebrated singer, or a very polished performance. In some cases there is disagreement as to whether a particular participle can be used properly as an adjective:over the years objections have been raised as to the use ofvery by itself with delighted, interested, annoyed, pleased, disappointed, and irritated. All these words are now well established as adjectives,as indicated by the fact that they can be used attributively ( 在一般用法中very 不是仅用来修辞过去分词。 因此我们可说，例如一本书是very much praised, very much criticized, very much applauded（深受推崇的，深受批评的，深受赞扬的） 或者任意什么， 但是不说它被very praised, very criticized（很推崇的，深受批评的） 或 very applauded（深受赞扬）。 然而，许多过去分词有形容词的双重功能，只用very 或者类似的副词比如 quite 来进行格的修饰是可以接受的： 对于一些词组例如a very creased handkerchief, a very celebrated singer（特别皱的手帕，很知名的歌手） 或者 a very polished performance（优美的演出） 不会有异议。 有时对于是否能用一个特定的分词来做形容词的问题有些分歧：许多年来对于把very 与 delighted, interested, annoyed, pleased, disappointed（高兴 的，有兴趣的，生气的，高兴的，失望的） 和 irritated（发怒的） 在一起连用有些异议。 现在这些词都已被确定下来当作形容词使用，这已被它们可以当作定语的事实证明( 〔handicapped〕Althoughhandicapped is widely used in both law and everyday speech to refer to people having physical or mental disabilities, those described by the word tend to prefer the expressionsdisabled or people with disabilities. To say that people arehandicapped may imply that they cannot function on a par with others, while to say that they have adisability allows more readily for the possibility that they can so function, in spite of having to do some things in different ways.It is also felt that some stigma may attach to the wordhandicapped on account of its origin in the phrase hand in cap, actually derived from a game of chancebut sometimes mistakenly believed to involve the image of a beggar.The wordhandicapped is best reserved to describe a disabled person who is unable to function owing to some property of the environment. Thus people with a physical disability requiring a wheelchair may or may not behandicapped, depending on whether wheelchair ramps are made available to them. 尽管在法律上和在日常用语里handicapped 这个词被广泛使用以言指那些有生理缺陷的，智力低下的人， 那些被这个词描绘的人们更喜欢disabled 或 people with disabilities 这两种说法。 说人们是handicapped 可能暗示他们不可能象别的人那样水平的工作， 而当说他们只是disability 时，为他们能够如此工作提供了更大的可能性和余地， 尽管他们是用不同的方式去做同样的事情。一些附着于handicapped 这个词的一些特点是因为这个词来源于 hand in cap 这个短语， 它实际上起源于比赛中的机会，但有时被人误会加入了乞丐的形象。单词handicapped 这个词用来形容那些由于某些客观环境问题而无法工作的人是最好的了， 因此生理有缺陷的而需要轮椅的人，是否是handicapped 要看为他们准备的轮椅的坡道是否可以使用 〔climacteric〕"before the end of the millennium, whether[he] lives to see that ecclesiastical climacteric or not" (Conor Cruise O'Brien)“在太平盛世终结前，［他］ 是否能活着看到基督教会的转折点” (康纳·克鲁斯·奥布赖恩)〔problematic〕"if you ever get married, which seems to me extremely problematic"(Oscar Wilde)“你是否结过婚，这一点对我来说很值得怀疑”(奥斯卡·怀尔德)〔mammography〕X-ray examination of the breasts for detection of tumors.X射线测定法：用X光来检查乳房是否有肿瘤〔set〕She sets a great deal by good nutrition.她以是否有良好的营养来评估许多东西〔method〕"It is absurd to think that the only way to tell if a poem is lasting is to wait and see if it lasts" (Robert Frost). “知道一首诗是否不朽的唯一方法是等着看看它是否不朽，这简直荒谬可笑” （罗伯特·弗罗斯特）。 〔can〕I wonder if my long lost neighbor can still be alive. Such things can and do happen.我怀疑我失踪已久的邻居是否还有可能活着。这样的事情可能而且确实发生了〔Douglas〕American politician who served as U.S. representative (1843-1847) and senator (1847-1861) from Illinois. He proposed legislation that allowed individual territories to determine whether they would allow slavery (1854) and in the senatorial campaign of 1858 engaged Abraham Lincoln in a famous series of debates.道格拉斯，斯蒂芬·阿诺德：(1813-1861) 美国政治家，曾任过来自伊利诺斯州的美国众议员(1843-1847年）和参议员(1847-1861年）。曾主张立法准许各州自主决定是否实行奴隶制(1854年），在1858年的上院论战中与亚伯拉罕·林肯进行了一系列著名的辩论 |
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