| 单词 | 用于 |
| 释义 | 〔magnesite〕A white, yellowish, or brown mineral, magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, used in the manufacture of magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide. 菱镁矿：一种白色、浅黄色或棕色的矿物，碳酸镁，MgCO3，用于生产氧化镁和二氧化碳 〔discriminant〕An expression used to distinguish or separate other expressions in a quantity or an equation.判别式：在一个量或方程式中，用于区分或区别其他表达式的表达式〔gyve〕A shackle or fetter, especially for the leg.脚铐或脚镣，尤指用于腿〔bench〕A strong worktable, such as one used in carpentry or in a laboratory.工作台：结实的工作台，如用于做木工或做实验的〔APT〕A language designed for programming numerically controlled machine tools.自动数控程序，自动程序设计工具：设计程式的语言，用于数控机床工具〔cosmetic〕Serving to beautify the body, especially the face and hair.用于美化身体的（尤指面部和头发）〔auditorium〕A large building for public meetings or performances.礼堂：用于公众集会或演出的大型建筑物〔webbing〕A strong, narrow, closely woven fabric used especially for seat belts and harnesses or in upholstery.带子：一种坚韧、狭窄、织得很紧密的织物，尤其用作安全带、挽具或用于室内装璜〔auxiliary〕A vessel, such as a supply ship or a tug, that is designed for and used in instances and services other than combat.辅助性的船只：指补给船或供给船，主要用于辅助及服务而非战事〔rhetoric〕The wordrhetoric was once primarily the name of an important branch of philosophy and an art deserving of serious study. In recent yearsthe word has come to be used chiefly in a pejorative senseto refer to inflated language and pomposity.Deprecation of the term may result from a modern linguistic puritanism,which holds that language used in legitimate persuasion should be plainand free of artifice—itself a tendentious rhetorical doctrine,though not often recognized as such.But many writers still prefer to bear in mind the traditional meanings of the word.Thus, according to the newer use of the term,the phraseempty rhetoric, as in The politicians talk about solutions, but they usually offer only empty rhetoric, might be construed as redundant. But in fact only 35 percent of the Usage Panel judged this example to be redundant.Presumably, it can be maintained that rhetoric can be other than empty.单词rhetoric 曾主要是哲学的一个重要分支的和一种值得严肃研究的艺术的名称。 近年来，这个词已开始主要用于贬义，指夸大的语言和虚夸。这个词的改变可能源于一种现代语言的刻板做法，认为用于正当劝说中的语言应是朴素，没有人工雕饰的——它自身便是一种宣传性的修辞教条，虽然未常常被如此认为。但许多作家仍愿意记住这个词的传统含义。这样，根据这个词较新的含义，在The politician talk about solutions, but they usually offer only empty rhetoric 中，短语 empty rhetoric 可能被分析为多余的。 但事实上，用法委员会成员中只有百分之三十五的人认为在这个例子中是多余的。大概该词除了空的以外还有其他的意思吧〔humidistat〕An instrument designed to indicate or control the relative humidity of the air. Also called hygrostat 恒湿器：一种用于显示或控制空气中相对湿度的仪器 也作 hygrostat〔vinometer〕A hydrometer used to determine the percentage of alcohol in a wine.酒精比重计：用于测量酒中酒精含量的比重计〔man〕Traditionally,man and words derived from it have been used generically to designate any or all of the human race irrespective of sex.In Old Englishthis was the principal sense ofman, which meant "a human being" regardless of sex;the wordswer and wyf (or w÷pman and wifman ) were used to refer to "a male human being" and "a female human being" respectively. But in Middle Englishman displaced wer as the term for "a male human being,”whilewyfman (which evolved into present-day woman ) was retained for "a female human being.” The result of these changes was an assymetrical arrangement that many criticize as sexist.Many writers have revised some of their practices accordingly.But the precise implications of the usage vary according to the context and the particular use ofman or its derivatives. · Man sometimes appears to have the sense of "person" or "people" when it is used as a count noun, as inA man is known by the company he keeps and Men have long yearned to unlock the secrets of the atom, and in phrases likethe common man and the man in the street. Here the generic interpretation arises indirectly:if a man is known by the company he keeps,then so, by implication, is a woman.For this reasonthe generic interpretation of these uses ofman is not possible where the applicability of the predicate varies according to the sex of the individual. Thus it would be inappropriate to say thatMen are the only animals that can conceive at any time, since the sentence literally asserts that the ability to conceive applies to male human beings.This usage presumes that males can be taken as representatives of the species.In almost all cases,however, the wordsperson and people can be substituted for man and men, often with a gain in clarity. · By contrast,man functions more as a generic when it is used without an article in the singular to refer to the human race, as in sentences likeThe capacity for language is unique to man or in phrases like man's inhumanity to man. But this use ofman is also ambiguous, since it can refer exclusively to male members of the human race.In most contexts wordssuch ashumanity or humankind will convey the generic sense of this use of man. · On the whole,the Usage Panel accepts the generic use ofman, the women members significantly less than the men. The sentenceIf early man suffered from a lack of information, modern man is tyrannized by an excess of it was acceptable to 81 percent of the Panel (including 58 percent of the women and 92 percent of the men).The Panel also accepted compound words derived from genericman. The sentenceThe Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from space was acceptable to 86 percent (including 76 percent of the women and 91 percent of the men).The sentence"The history of language is the history of mankind" (James Bradstreet Greenough and George Lyman Kittredge) was acceptable to 76 percent (including 63 percent of the women and 82 percent of the men). Such compounds were acceptable even when the context required that they be applied chiefly to women.Thus, 66 percent of the Panel (including 57 percent of the women and 71 percent of the men) accepts the wordmanpower in the sentence Countries that do not permit women to participate in the work force are at a disadvantage in competing with those that do avail themselves of that extra source of manpower. · A related set of problems is raised by the use ofman in forming the names of occupational and social rolessuch asbusinessman, chairman, spokesman, layman, and freshman, as well as in analogous formationssuch asunsportsmanlike and showmanship. Some condemn this use categorically;however, these words remained acceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel when they were used to refer to a role or class in the abstractbut were rejected when they were used to refer to a woman.Thus the general use ofchairman was acceptable to 67 percent of the Panel (including 52 percent of the women and 76 percent of the men) in the sentence The chairman will be appointed by the Faculty Senate. But only 48 percent (including 43 percent of the women and 50 percent of the men) accepted the use of the word inEmily Owen, chairman of the Mayor's Task Force, issued a statement assuring residents that their views would be solicited, where it is applied to a woman. · Several strategies have been suggested for replacing the categorical use of compounds formed withman. Parallel terms likebusinesswoman, spokeswoman and chairwoman are increasingly used to refer to women. Also in use are common-gender terms coined withperson, such asbusinessperson, spokesperson, and chairperson. For occupational titles ending inman, new standards of official usage have been established by the U.S. Department of Labor and other government agencies.In official contexts termssuch asfirefighter and police officer are now generally used in place of fireman and policeman. · A majority of the Panelists rejected the verbman when it was used to refer to an activity performed by women. The sentenceMembers of the League of Women Voters will be manning the registration desk was unacceptable to 56 percent of the Panel (including 61 percent of the women and 54 percent of the men). See Usage Note at -ess ,people 传统上，man 以及它的衍生字一般是用来指任何人或整个人类， 不考虑性别。在古英语中，这就是man 这个字主要的意思， 即“人” 而不分性别；单词wer 和 wyf （或 woepman 和 wifman )则分别用以指“男人”和“女人”。 但在中古英语时man 取代了 wer 这个词， 也具有“男人”的意义了；而wyfman （这个字发展演变成了今天的 woman 这个字）作为“女人”这个意思被保留了下来。 这些变化的结果是，作为性别歧视者所批评的匀称排列。为此，许多作家相应地修订了他们部分的创作活动。但是这用法的准确含义取决于它的上下文以及man 的具体用途或它的衍生字。 当man 这个字被当作一个可数名词来用时，它有时似乎具有“一个人”或“人们”的意思， 如在被他所在的那个公司熟悉了解的人 和 很久以来，人们都期盼着解开原子的秘密 ， 以及如下短语中普通的人 和 街上的人 。 这里，一般的理解源于间接地推理：如果一个男人是被他所在的公司了解的话，其言下之意是，一个女人也是被他所在的公司熟悉了解的。正是这个原因，使得man 当此一般理解之义用时，其谓语随着个人性别的改变而变化是不可能的。 所以，说人是唯一能在任何时候思考的动物 是不适当的， 因为这句话字面之义是指男人的思考能力。这种用法是假定男人可以作为人类的代表。几乎毫无例外的是，词person 和 people 可以用 man 和 men 来取代，且后两字意思更清楚。 相反，当man 以单数不带冠词出现用以指人类时，它更是指一类、一属， 如在象句子只有人才有语言能力 或象短语 人类对人类的不人道 中。 但man 若以这种形式出现，其意思也会模糊不清， 因为其可只指人类中的男性成员。在大多数的行文中，例如humanity 或 humankind 这样的字也传达了 man 这种用法的一般意义。 总的说来，在用法专题使用小组成员中接受man 这种一般用法的女性比男性明显少得多。 下面这句话如果说古代人受信息不足之苦的话，那么现代人则是受信息过量之虐待了 在小组中有81的成员可接受 （其中女性成员中的接受率为58，男性中则为92)。专题小组会还接受作为一般意义的man 构成的复合词。 长城是太空中的唯一可见的人造物 这句话有86的成员接受 （其中女性成员的接受率为76，而男性中为91)。“语言史就是一部人类史” （詹姆士·布拉斯瑞特·格里诺和乔治·莱曼·基特里奇）这句话的接受率为76（基中在女性成员中有63接受，而男性中为82)。 即使是上下行文所需的字主要指的是女人，这种复合词仍然被接受。因此小组中的66（其中女性委员的57，男性的71)接受了manpower 这个词在下句的用法： 那些不允许女人加入生产力大军的国家和那些允许女人加入生产力大军的国家相比，在处理剩余劳动力这一点上明显处于竞争的劣势 。 由于man 的使用所引起的一系列相关问题产生了， 在构成职业或社会角色类别的名称，如商人、主席、发言人、外行 和 渔夫 ， 以及将这个字用于类似的构词法中，如违反运动精神的 和 善于表演的才能 。 有些人谴责这种类别的用法；然而，当它们抽象地指某种角色或阶层时，这些词仍能得到用法专题使用小组大多数人的接受；但当它们用由于指女性时，这些词就被拒绝了。因此在句子主席由职工委员会指定 中 主席 的这种一般用法就得到了67小组成员的接受（其中在女性成员中为52，而男性中为76)。 但是，在句子艾米莉·欧文，市长任务小组的主席，发表了一个声明，向市长保证将考虑他们的观点 中这个字的用法，由于是指女性，只有48的成员接受（其中在女性成员中的接受率为43，而男性中为50)。 对于如何替换用man 构成的类别复合词，几种构思被提了出来。 与之相对的复合词如女商人、女发言人 和 女主席 越来越多地被用来指女性。 另外，用person 构成的中性词也创造了出来， 如商人、发言人 和 主席 。 对于用man 结尾的职业名称， 美国政府劳工部和其它政府机构已建立起了新的官方运用标准。在官方行文，现在一般用如firefighter 和 police officer 代替 fireman 和 policeman 。 大多数的小组成员反对将动词man 用于指那些女性从事的活动。 句子登记处将配备女性选民联盟的成员 在用法专题使用小组中的反对率是56（其中在女性成员中的反对率是61，而男性中为54) 参见 -ess,people〔galloping〕Developing at an accelerated rate and leading to death. Used of certain diseases.迅速恶化的：以加速的速度发展的并导致死亡。用于指某种疾病〔hemimorphic〕Asymmetrical at the axial ends. Used of a crystal.异极的：轴线终端不对称的。用于晶体〔vidicon〕A small television camera tube that forms a charge-density image on a photoconductive surface for subsequent electron-beam scanning.光导摄像管：在光电导表面形成电荷聚集图像的一种微小的电视摄像管，用于以后的电子光束扫描〔roar〕To breathe with a rasping sound. Used of a horse.用一种刺耳的声音呼吸。用于指马〔name〕Denomination, also a categorizing term,is applied especially to classes of persons or things: Denomination 也是用于类别，尤指人或事的分类： 〔cushion〕A pad or pillow with a soft filling, used for resting, reclining, or kneeling.坐垫：一种内部装有柔软材料的垫子或枕头，用于腰卧、倚靠或跪坐〔size〕Sized. Often used in combination:一定大小的：一定尺码的。常用于复合词 ：〔rapier〕A light, sharp-pointed sword lacking a cutting edge and used only for thrusting.无刃轻剑：一种轻型，尖剑头的剑，但不开刃，只是用于威胁〔freight〕A railway train carrying goods only.货车：仅用于载货物的火车〔sternocleidomastoid〕Either of two muscles of the neck that serve to flex and rotate the head.胸锁乳突肌：脖子上用于弯曲并转动头部两条肌肉中的一条的肌肉〔dredge〕An implement consisting of a net on a frame, used for gathering shellfish.捞网框架：在框架上装网，用于捞贝壳类生物的装置〔bort〕Poorly crystallized diamonds used for industrial cutting and abrasion.下等金刚石，工业用钻石：结晶很差的金刚石，用于工业切割和研磨〔reservation〕A tract of land set apart by the federal government for a special purpose, especially one for the use of a Native American people.专用地：由联邦政府划出的用于某一特殊目的的一片土地，尤其是指供印第安人使用的土地〔scuttle〕A shallow open basket for carrying vegetables, flowers, or grain.篮：用于装蔬菜、花朵或者粮食的一种浅浅的开口篮子〔catgut〕A tough, thin cord made from the treated and stretched intestines of certain animals, especially sheep, and used for stringing musical instruments and tennis rackets and for surgical ligatures.肠线：从某些动物尤指从羊身上经处理和拉直加工的肠中取得的结实细线，用于乐器和网球拍的弦和外科手术结扎〔scorecard〕A small card used to record one's own performance in sports such as golf.示分卡：在体育运动中用于记录某人自己的表现的小卡片，例如在高尔夫中〔plagiotropism〕The tendency to grow at an oblique or horizontal angle. Used of roots, stems, or branches.斜向性：向倾斜或与水平成角度的方向生长的倾向。用于植物的根、茎或枝〔menthol〕A white crystalline organic compound, CH3C 6H 9(C 3H 7)OH, obtained from peppermint oil or synthesized. It is used in perfumes, in cigarettes, as a mild topical anesthetic, and as a mint flavoring. 薄荷醇，薄荷脑：一种白色结晶状有机化合物，化学式为CHÈ�3C 6H 9（C 3H 7）OH，从薄荷油提炼而得或是合成的，作为轻度局部麻醉剂和薄荷调味品被用于香水及香烟中 〔insulin〕Any of various pharmaceutical preparations containing this hormone that are derived from the pancreas of certain animals or produced through genetic engineering and are used in the medical treatment and management of diabetes mellitus (type I).胰岛素制剂：含有从动物胰腺提炼出的或通过基因工程制造的此类激素的各种药物制剂，用于药物治疗和控制糖尿病（糖尿病Ｉ型）〔didymium〕A mixture of rare-earth elements and oxides used chiefly in manufacturing and coloring various forms of glass.稀土与氧化物混合物：稀土元素和氧化物的混合物，这要用于制造和给各种形式的玻璃上色〔what〕Used to express surprise, incredulity, or other strong and sudden excitement.什么!：用于表示惊讶，不相信或其它强烈且突然的缴动情绪〔melt〕Thaw applies to the partial or complete melting of something, such as ice, that is frozen;figuratively it suggests the softening or dissolution of something,as of formality or reserve, likened to a frozen substance: Thaw 用于指某物，例如固体冰，其部分或全部地融解；其比喻用法表示某物的变软或消失，例如被比作冰冻物质的严谨或节制： 〔card〕A circuit board, especially for use in a microcomputer.卡片，界面卡，插件：一种电路板，尤指用于微型计算机里的电路板〔week〕A week dedicated to a particular cause or institution:活动周：用于某项事业或公共机构的星期：〔pawky〕Shrewd and cunning, often in a humorous manner.精明机智的：精明的和机智的，常用于幽默的行为〔trimetrogon〕A system of aerial photography in which one vertical and two oblique photographs are simultaneously taken for use in topographic mapping.三镜头航空测绘系统：一种航空测绘系统，用于地形绘图中，可同时拍摄一张竖直的和两张倾斜的照片〔zabaglione〕A dessert or sauce consisting of egg yolks, sugar, and wine or liqueur beaten until thick and served hot or cold. Also called sabayon 萨白利昂，酒香蛋蜜汁：一种用蛋黄、糖、酒或果汁搅拌到稠状的甜点或调味汁，用于冷饮或热饮 也作 sabayon |
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