| 单词 | 破烂 |
| 释义 | 〔dreck〕Trash, especially inferior merchandise.破烂，尤指劣质商品〔sordid〕sordid shantytowns.贫穷破烂的棚户区〔junk〕Discarded material, such as glass, rags, paper, or metal, that may be reused in some form.破烂，垃圾：丢弃的东西，如玻璃、碎布、纸片或金属等可以用某种方式重复使用的东西〔paltry〕perhaps from Low German paltrig [ragged] 可能源自 低地德语 paltrig [破烂的] 〔burlesque〕"always bringing junk . . . home, as if he were burlesquing his role as provider"(John Updike)“他总是把破烂带回家，好象在滑稽地模仿着筹办者的角色”(约翰·厄普代克)〔tattered〕Having ragged clothes; dressed in tatters.穿着破烂的衣服的；衣衫褴褛的〔frazzle〕A frayed or tattered condition.磨损：磨破或破烂的状态〔tacky〕Neglected and in a state of disrepair:破烂的：被荒废的和处于失修状态中的：〔ribbon〕ribbons Tattered or ragged strips: ribbons 条状物：破烂的或破旧的带子：〔woebegone〕a rundown, woebegone old shack.一座破烂的、又旧又差的小木屋〔ragamuffin〕Perhapsragamuffin should be seen as an example of melioration, or improvement in the sense of a word, since it can now be used rather affectionately of children who are normally far from dirty or unkempt.In any event,even its use for an unkempt child or man represents something of an improvementover one of its earliest uses.Ragamuffin was a name given to a demon in Piers Plowman, an allegorical poem of the 14th century. This name was once thought to be the source of our word,but researches at theMiddle English Dictionary have shown that the word was used as the last name of a woman, Isabella Ragamuffyn, earlier in the 14th century (1344), before the poem was composed.The word even then had the sense "ragged lout, tattered oaf,”though it was found only in names.The elementraga- is probably from the Middle English adjective raggi, "ragged,” also used of the devil in the sense "shaggy" and as a name.The element-muffin is probably from Middle Dutch moffel or muffe, "mitten.” 也许ragamuffin 这个词应该看作词义变良或改善的例子， 因为它现在可以用来充满感情地指那些按常规来说远非肮脏或不整洁的孩子。不论如何，即使它被用来指那些不整洁的孩子或大人的时候，其用法较最初也有了很大提高。Ragamuffin 是14世纪的一部寓言诗 犁者码头 中一个魔鬼的名字。 这个名字一度被认为是本词的来源，但对中世纪英语词典 的研究表明这个词曾在14世纪早期(1344年）用作一位妇女的姓，伊莎贝拉·拉格姆芬， 这早于那首诗创作之前。这个词甚至还曾有衣裳破烂的粗人、褴褛的呆子的意思，尽管此词仅见于姓名。构词成分raga- 可能源自中古英语的形容词 raggi “破烂的”， 也曾以“毛长而参差不齐”这个意思用于魔鬼和人名。构词成分-muffin 可能来自中世纪荷兰语中 moffel 或意为“连指手套”的 muffe 〔ragtag〕Shaggy or unkempt; ragged.破烂的，不整洁的；破旧的〔shabby〕Dilapidated or deteriorated in condition, especially through neglect; seedy:破烂的：情况毁坏或恶化的，尤指因忽视而致的；破旧的：〔ratty〕Dilapidated; shabby.毁坏的；破烂的〔threadbare〕Having the nap worn down so that the filling or warp threads show through; frayed or shabby:磨破的：细毛磨破以至粗线都露了出来；破旧的或破烂的：〔slipshod〕Slovenly in appearance; shabby or seedy.不整洁的，邋遢的：外表上不修边幅的；褴褛的或破烂的〔raggedy〕Tattered or worn-out; ragged.破旧的：褴褛的或破旧的；破烂的〔tatterdemalion〕A person wearing ragged or tattered clothing; a ragamuffin.穿着破烂的衣衫的人；衣衫褴褛者〔tatty〕Probably from tat [a rag, shabby person] 可能源自 tat [一块破布，穿着破烂的人] |
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