| 单词 | 莫斯科 |
| 释义 | 〔Ryazan〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. southeast of Moscow. Founded in 1095, it was the capital of an independent principality until it was annexed by Moscow in 1521. It is now a manufacturing and industrial center. Population, 494,000.梁赞：苏联欧洲部分中部一城市，位于莫斯科东南。建于1095年，在1521年被莫斯科公国吞并之前是一个独立公国的首府。现在是制造业和工业中心。人口494,000〔Tambov〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. southeast of Moscow. Founded as a fortress in 1636, it is a manufacturing center and railroad junction. Population, 296,000.坦波夫：原苏联中欧部分的一座城市，位于莫斯科东南部。它建于1636年，当时是一个要塞，现在它是一个制造业中心和铁路枢纽。人口296,000〔Kaluga〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. southwest of Moscow. Dating to the 14th century, it is an industrial center and a river port. Population, 297,000.卡卢加：苏联欧洲部分中部的一座城市，位于莫斯科西南部。该市的历史可上溯到14世纪，如今成为一座工业中心和河港。人口297,000〔Muscovite〕Of or relating to Moscow, Muscovy, or the Muscovites.莫斯科的：莫斯科的、俄罗斯的或莫斯科人的〔Vichuga〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. on the Volga River northeast of Moscow. It is a textile-processing center. Population, 51,000.维丘加：苏联欧洲部分中部的一座城市，在莫斯科东北的伏尔加河上，它是纺织加工业中心，人口51,000〔Kalinin〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. on the Volga River northwest of Moscow. Settled around a fort established in the 12th century, it was a powerful principality in the 13th and 14th centuries and is today an industrial center and a major port. Population, 438,000.加里宁：苏联中部欧洲部分的一城市，位于莫斯科西北部的伏尔加河上。公元12世纪，该市周围建成堡垒，13和14世纪成为势力强大的公国。如今该市为工业中心和重要港口。人口438,000〔Muscovite〕A native or resident of Moscow or Muscovy.莫斯科人：莫斯科或者俄罗斯公民或居民〔Vladimir〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. east of Moscow. Probably founded in the 10th century, it came under the control of Moscow during the 15th century. Population, 331,000.弗拉基米尔：苏联中欧部分一城市，位于莫斯科东部。可能成立于10世纪，在15世纪受控于莫斯科。人口331,000〔constructivism〕A movement in modern art originating in Moscow in 1920 and characterized by the use of industrial materials such as glass, sheet metal, and plastic to create nonrepresentational, often geometric objects.构成派：一支源于1920年莫斯科的现代艺术流派，以使用玻璃、金属薄板和塑料等工业材料来创作非写实性的且常为几何图形的物体为特征〔Minsk〕A city of western European U.S.S.R. southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 1067, it was ruled from the 13th to the 18th century by various powers, including Lithuania, Russia, Poland, and Sweden. Minsk passed finally to Russia in 1793 and is now the capital of Belorussia. Population, 1,472,000.明斯克：俄罗斯欧洲部分西部的城市，位于莫斯科西南。1067年始有记载。从13世纪至18世纪它分别被立陶宛、俄罗斯、波兰和瑞典统治过。最后于1793年归属俄罗斯，现为白俄罗斯首都。人口1,472,000〔Simbirsk〕A city of western Russia on the Volga River east-southeast of Moscow. Founded in 1648 on the site of an earlier fort, it was the birthplace of V.I. Lenin and was known as Ulyanovsk from 1924 to 1991. Population, 663,400辛比尔斯克：俄罗斯西部城市，位于莫斯科东南偏东的伏尔加河畔。1648年在早期要塞上建成，是V.I.列宁德出生地，1924年至1991年间名为乌里扬诺夫斯克。人口663,400〔Cripps〕British statesman who advocated a unified front with the Communists against the Nazi threat. During World War II he was ambassador to Moscow (1940-1942) and later served as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1947-1950).克里普斯，（理查德）斯塔福德：(1889-1952) 英国政治家，曾倡导与共产党组成联合阵线以抵制纳粹的威胁。在第二次世界大战期间，他任英国驻莫斯科大使(1940-1942年），后来担任财政大臣(1947-1950年）〔Bukharin〕Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician who advocated gradual agricultural collectivization. He was executed for treason after the last of the Moscow "show trials" of the 1930's.布哈拉，尼科莱·伊万诺维奇：(1888-1938) 布尔什维克革命家和苏联政治家，提倡逐步的农业集约化的，在三十年代莫斯科最后一次“肃反”运动中被指控谋反，定罪处死〔Ulyanovsk〕A city of east-central European U.S.S.R. on the Volga River east-southeast of Moscow. Founded in 1648 on the site of an earlier fort, it was the birthplace of V.I. Lenin. Population, 544,000.乌里扬诺夫斯克：苏联欧洲部分中东部的一个城市，位于莫斯科的东南偏东方向伏尔加河边。于1648年在一个以前的要塞遗址上修建起来，是V.I.列宁的出生地。人口544,000〔ante〕"Whether they could actually turn back Soviet policy depended on many factors that Moscow might yet choose to test by upping the ante"(Foreign Affairs)“他们是否会真正回到苏联政策上要看很多因素，莫斯科也许会通过增加费用来试一试”(外交事务)〔Reed〕American journalist. A World War I correspondent, he was in Petrograd during the October Revolution (1917), an experience he recounted inTen Days That Shook the World (1919). In 1919 he founded the American Communist Labor Party. Reed is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow. 里德，约翰：(1887-1920) 美国记者。一战时期记者，十月革命(1917年）时身居彼得格勒，他在《震撼世界的十日》 （1919年）中记叙了这段经历。在1919年他建立了美国共产主义工人党，死后葬于莫斯科克里姆林宫 〔Pskov〕A city of northwest European U.S.S.R. south-southwest of Leningrad. Dating from the eighth century, it became an important trade center and was annexed by Moscow in 1510. Population, 194,000.普斯科夫：前苏联欧洲部分西北地区一城市，在列宁格勒西南偏南方。它建立于8世纪，后来成为一个重要的商贸中心，1510年被莫斯科公国吞并。人口194,000〔Vologda〕A city of north-central European U.S.S.R. north-northeast of Moscow. It was founded in the mid-12th century by merchants from Novgorod and passed to Moscow in 1478. Population, 269,000.沃洛格达：苏联欧洲部分中北部城市，位于莫斯科东北偏北。12世纪中期由从诺夫格罗德里来的商人建立，1478年归于莫斯科。人口269,000〔Zagorsk〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. northeast of Moscow. It developed around a monastery founded in 1340. Population, 112,000.扎戈尔斯克：苏联中欧部分一城市，位于莫斯科东北。它是围绕着一座建于1340年的修道院发展起来的。人口112,000〔Kursk〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. south-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 1095, it was destroyed by the Mongols in 1240 and rebuilt as a fortress in 1586. Population, 420,000.库尔斯克：苏联中欧部分一城市，位于莫斯科西南偏南。最早的记载是在1095年。1240年它被蒙古人摧毁，1586年作为一个要塞被重建。人口420,000〔Stanislavsky〕Russian actor and director. A founder of the Moscow Art Theater, he produced many of Chekhov's plays and developed an innovative method of acting that emphasizes the psychological motivation of the actor.斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基，康斯坦丁：(1863-1938) 俄国演员和导演创办了莫斯科艺术剧院，他编制了许多契诃夫的戏剧并且发展了一种强调演员心理动因的有创意的演戏方法〔Ney〕French marshal who brilliantly commanded the rear guard in Napoleon I's retreat from Moscow (1812) and later deserted Louis XVIII to aid Napoleon at Waterloo (1815).内伊，米哈伊：(1769-1815) 法国的陆军元帅，他英明地堵截了拿破仑一世从莫斯科的撤退(1812年），后来又阻截了滑铁卢战役中路易十八对拿破仑的增援(1825年）〔Ivanovo〕A city of west-central Russia northeast of Moscow. It has long been a textile-producing center. Population, 474,000.伊凡诺沃：苏联中西部一城市，位于莫斯科东北。它一直是纺织品生产中心。人口474,000〔kopeck〕from kopie [spear (from the image of a rider with a spear on the coins minted by Moscow after the capture of Novgorod in 1478)] 源自 kopie [长矛（1478年攻克诺夫哥罗德之后，莫斯科在这种硬币上印上了带长矛的骑士的图象，由此而得名）] 〔Tula〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. south of Moscow. First mentioned in 1146, it was an important fortress in the 16th century and became an armament-manufacturing center in 1712. Population, 532,000.图拉：前苏联中欧城市，莫斯科以南，它首次被记载于1146年，16世纪是一要塞重地，1712年成为武器制造中心。人口532,000〔thence〕flew to Helsinki and thence to Moscow.飞往赫尔辛基，从那里到莫斯科〔Kazan〕A city of eastern European U.S.S.R. on the Volga River east of Moscow. Founded in 1401, the modern city became the capital of a powerful Tartar khanate in 1455 but was conquered by Czar Ivan IV in 1552. In the 18th century it was an outpost of Russian colonization to the east. Population, 1,047,000.喀山：苏联欧洲部分的东部城市，位于莫斯科东部、乌拉尔河上，建于1401年，这个现代城市在1455年成为一个强大的鞑靼汗国的首都，但在1552年被沙皇伊凡四世征服。18世纪是俄国向东方扩张的一个前哨基地。人口1,047,000〔Serpukhov〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. on the Oka River south of Moscow. Founded as a fortified outpost, it is now an important textile and manufacturing center. Population, 142,000.索帕克夫：苏联中欧部分城市，位于莫斯科南欧卡河畔。作为设防前哨而建，现为重要纺织与制造中心。人口142,000〔Kostroma〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. on the Volga River northeast of Moscow. Founded in 1152, it was annexed by Moscow in 1364. Population, 269,000.科斯特罗马：苏联中欧部分一城市，位于伏尔加河畔、莫斯科东北。建于1152年，1364年被莫斯科吞并。人口269,000〔Volga〕A river of European U.S.S.R. rising in the Valdai Hills northwest of Moscow and flowing about 3,701 km (2,300 mi) generally east and south to the Caspian Sea. It is the longest river of Europe and the main commercial waterway of the U.S.S.R. The Volga is linked by canals and other rivers to the Baltic Sea.伏尔加河：苏联欧洲部分一条河流，源于莫斯科西北部瓦尔代山，长约3,701公里(2,300英里），大致向东流再向南注入里海。它是欧洲最长的河流和苏联主要商业水道。伏尔加河被许多运河和其它河流连向波罗的海〔Orel〕A city of central European U.S.S.R. on the Oka River south of Moscow. Founded in 1564 as a fortified settlement to protect the southern border of Muscovy against the Tartars, it is today an industrial center and a railroad junction. Population, 328,000.奥廖尔：苏联欧洲部分的中部城市。位于奥卡河畔、莫斯科南面。1564年，作为要塞建立，用以保护和防范鞑靼人进攻莫斯科南部边界。今天是工业中心和铁路枢纽。人口328,000〔Borodino〕A village of central European U.S.S.R. west of Moscow. Nearby, Napoleon defeated the Russian troops defending Moscow on September 7, 1812.伯罗的诺：苏联欧洲部分中部的一个村庄，位于莫斯科西部。1812年9月7日，拿破仑在附近击败了保卫莫斯科的军队〔fall〕"Moscow's own familiar charges . . . will also fall on deaf ears"(Foreign Affairs)“莫斯科自己熟悉的职责也被忽视了”(外交事务)〔Cherepovets〕A city of north-central European U.S.S.R. north of Moscow. It grew around a monastery established in the 14th century. Population, 299,000.切列波维茨：苏联欧洲部分中北部城市，位于莫斯科以北。市中心有建于14世纪的修道院。人口299,000〔Leningrad〕A city of northwest European U.S.S.R. on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland. Founded by Peter the Great in 1703 as St. Petersburg, it soon flourished as his "window on Europe" and became the capital of Russia in 1712. Noted for its fine architecture and cultural achievements, the city was called Petrograd from 1914 to 1924. Moscow replaced it as capital in 1918. Population, 4,329,000.列宁格勒，圣彼得堡：苏联西北欧部分一城市，位于涅瓦河沿岸，芬兰湾的顶端。1703年由彼得大帝创建，被命名为圣彼得堡，很快就作为“欧洲之窗”繁荣起来，1712年成为俄国的首都。以其优美的建筑和文化成就闻名于世，从1914年到1924年期间，该市一度被称为彼得格勒。1918年莫斯科取而代之而成为首都。人口4,329,000〔Kirov〕A city of east-central European U.S.S.R. east-northeast of Moscow. Founded c. 1174, it became the center of a medieval principality that was conquered by Ivan III in 1489. Population, 411,000.基洛夫：苏联欧洲部分中东部一城市，位于莫斯科东北偏东，建于公元1174年，1489年被伊凡三世占领后成为中世纪公国的中心。人口411,000〔Samara〕A city of western Russia on the Volga River east-southeast of Moscow. Founded in 1586 as a stronghold to defend river trade and the eastern frontier, it was temporarily the capital of the USSR from 1941 to 1943. From 1935 to 1991 it was known as Kuibyshev. Population, 1,146,800萨马拉：俄罗斯西部城市，位于莫斯科东南偏东的伏尔加河畔。1586年作为保护河上贸易和东部前哨的要塞而建立，1941年至1943年间为苏联的临时首都。1935年至1991年间名为古比雪夫。人口1,146,800〔Kuibyshev〕A city of east-central European U.S.S.R. on the Volga River east-southeast of Moscow. It was founded in 1586 as a stronghold to defend river trade and the eastern frontier. Population, 1,257,000.古比雪夫：苏联欧洲部分中部偏东一城市，位于伏尔加河上、莫斯科东南偏东。1586年，作为保护河上贸易和东部边境的堡垒而建立。人口1,257,000〔Uralsk〕A city of northwest Central Asian U.S.S.R. on the Ural River southeast of Moscow. Founded by Cossacks c. 1622, it is a processing and manufacturing center. Population, 192,000.乌拉尔斯克：苏联中亚西北部城市，临近乌拉尔河，在莫斯科的东南。在1622年左右由哥萨克人建立，它是加工业和制造业中心。人口192,000〔Moscow〕The capital and largest city of the U.S.S.R., in the west-central European part of the country on theMoscow River, flowing about 499 km (310 mi) eastward to the Oka River. Inhabited since Neolithic times and first mentioned in Russian chronicles in 1147, Moscow became the capital of the principality of Muscovy and by the 15th century was the capital of the Russian state and the seat of the metropolitan (later patriarch) of the Russian Orthodox Church. The capital was transferred to St. Petersburg in 1712 but returned to Moscow by the Soviets in 1918. It was the site of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Population, 8,408,000. 莫斯科：原苏联首都和最大城市，位于该国欧洲部分的中西部，市区的一部分位于莫斯科河 上，该河流程约499公里(310英里），向东注入奥卡河。自新石器时代有人居住，于1147年在俄国编年史中首次提到，并成为莫斯科公国的首都，到15世纪成为俄罗斯州的首都和俄罗斯东正主教的所有地。首都于1712年移到圣彼得堡，但后来于1918年被社会主义党人又移回莫斯科。1980年夏季奥运会在此召开。人口8,408,000 |
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