| 单词 | 行为方面 |
| 释义 | 〔barbarism〕There is a significant difference in meaning betweenbarbarism and barbarity. Both denote some absence of civilization,but the wordcivilization itself has several different senses, one the opposite ofbarbarism, the other the opposite of barbarity. On the one handcivilization may refer to the scientific, artistic, and cultural attainments of advanced societies; and it is this sense that figures in the meaning ofbarbarism. The English wordbarbarism originally referred to incorrect use of language, but it is now used more generally to refer to ignorance or crudity in matters of taste, including verbal expression:The New Yorker would never tolerate such barbarisms. On the other hand,civilization may refer to the basic social order that allows people to resolve their differences peaceably, and it is this sense—that is, civilization as opposed to savagery—that figures in the meaning ofbarbarity, which refers to savage brutality or cruelty in actions,as inThe accounts of the emperor's barbarity shocked the world. 在barbarism 与 barbarity 之间意义有明显的区别。 虽然两者都包含不文明的意思，但civilization 一词本身有好几种意思， 一种与barbarism 相反，另一种与 barbarity 相反。 一方面civilization 可以指在发达社会中科学、艺术、文化方面取得的成就， 这层意义能在barbarism 中得到体现。 英语词barbarism 最先指语音不正确的使用， 现在却更多地用来指品味方面的无知与鄙俗，包括动词表示法，例如：这个 纽约人 从不会容忍这些低级趣味。 另一方面，civilization 还可以指允许人们和平地彼此同化的社会基本规则。 在这个意义上，“文明”作为“残暴”的反义词，在barbarity 中得以体现， 指残酷的暴行或行为方面的残忍，例如句子这个皇帝的暴行被报道之后震惊了全世界 〔psychopathology〕The study of the origin, development, and manifestations of mental or behavioral disorders.精神病理学：对精神或行为方面的病症的起因、发展和症状的研究〔proper〕Strictly following rules or conventions, especially in social behavior; seemly:合乎礼教的：严格遵循规则或传统的，尤指在社交行为方面；体面的：〔modesty〕Reserve or propriety in speech, dress, or behavior.不轻率，端庄：在讲话，衣着或行为方面谨慎而适当〔loose〕Lacking conventional moral restraint in sexual behavior.放荡的：在性行为方面缺少传统道德观念约束的〔precisian〕One who is strict and precise in adherence to established rules, forms, or standards, especially with regard to religious observance or moral behavior.严格照章办事：准确而严格地遵循既定规则、形式或标准的人，尤指在宗教礼仪或道德行为方面〔psychosocial〕Involving aspects of social and psychological behavior:心理社会的：涉及到社会行为和心理行为方面的：〔showman〕A man who has a flair for dramatic or ostentatious behavior.炫耀者：在戏剧性的或炫耀性的行为方面颇有才能的人 |
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