| 单词 | 错误 |
| 释义 | 〔amiss〕In an improper, defective, unfortunate, or mistaken way.错误地，不正确地：反常地、有缺陷地、不幸地或错误地〔wrong〕The condition of being in error or at fault:错误，过失：处于错误或过失的状态：〔mistreat〕To treat roughly or wrongly; abuse.See Synonyms at abuse 虐待：粗鲁或错误地对待；虐待 参见 abuse〔methodology〕Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge.In this sense,one may speak ofobjections to the methodology of a geographic survey (i.e., objections dealing with the appropriateness of the methods used) or of themethodology of modern cognitive psychology (i.e., the principles and practices that underlie research in the field). In recent years, however,methodology has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for method in scientific and technical contexts, as inThe oil company has not yet decided on a methodology for restoring the beaches. This usage may have been fostered in part by the tendency to use the adjectivemethodological to mean "pertaining to methods,” in as much as the regularly formed adjectivemethodical has been preempted to mean "orderly, systematic.” But the misuse ofmethodology obscures an important conceptual distinction between the tools of scientific investigation (properly methods ) and the principles that determine how such tools are deployed and interpreted—a distinction that the scientific and scholarly communities, if not the wider public,should be expected to maintain.Methodology 可指对一个学科的研究方法进行的理论分析， 也可指一个学科特有的一整套方法与步骤。在这种意义上，人们可以说对于一个地理调查所用方法提出的异议 （即，关于所用方法是否适当所提的异议）， 也可以说现代认知心理学的研究方法 （即，形成一门学科的研究基础的原则和方法）。 然而，近些年来，在科学、技术语境中，methodology 越来越多地被用做颇带炫耀夸张色彩的 method 的替换词， 如说石油公司尚未决定恢复海滩环境的方法。 这种用法可能部分地起因于用形容词methodological 来表示“与方法有关的”意思的倾向， 因为用常规方法构成的形容词methodical 已先行意味着“有序的，有系统的”。 但是methodology 的这种错误用法模糊了一个重要的概念区分，那就是科学研究的方法（正确的说法应是 methods )和决定这些方法如何运用和阐释的原则之间的区分——这个区分， 如果不为更多的大众所认识，至少应为科学和学者圈子所坚持〔Pyramus〕A Babylonian youth who committed suicide when he mistakenly thought his lover Thisbe was dead.皮拉摩斯：巴比伦王国的一个年轻人，当他错误地认为他的爱人提斯柏已经死了时而自杀了〔culpable〕from culpa [fault] 源自 culpa [错误] 〔abuse〕To use wrongly or improperly; misuse.乱用，滥用：错误或不适当使用；误用〔reform〕Correction of evils, abuses, or errors.改良；改进：改正罪恶、弊病或错误〔catch〕The mistake you found was a good catch.你发现的错误是一个大发现〔gestation〕from gestātus [past participle of] gestāre [freqentative of] gerere [to carry] 源自 gestātus gestāre的过去分词 gerere的重复动词（AHD字典有错误） [怀有] 〔crucial〕A crucial election is like a signpost because it shows which way the electorate is moving. The metaphor of a signpost, in fact, gives us the sense of the wordcrucial, "of supreme importance, critical.” Francis Bacon used the phraseinstantia crucis, "crucial instance,” to refer to something in an experiment that proves one of two hypotheses and disproves the other. Bacon's phrase was based on a sense of the Latin wordcrux, "cross,” which had come to mean "a guidepost that gives directions at a place where one road becomes two,”and hence was suitable for Bacon's metaphor.Both Robert Boyle, often called the father of modern chemistry, and Isaac Newton used the similar Latin phraseexperimentum crucis, "crucial experiment.” When these phrases were translated into English,they becamecrucial instance and crucial experiment. 决定性选举就象路标一样，因为它显示了全体选民的意向。路标这一比喻实际上向我们表示了crucial 这一词的意义“极其重要的，关键性的”。 弗朗西斯·培根曾用instantia crucis “关键性例子”这一词组来指在某一实验中证明两个假设之一正确和另一假设错误的东西。 培根的这一词组是基于拉丁语crux “十字形”的意思之上的， 它的意思为“在一条路分为两条岔路的地方用于指示方向的路标”，因此它适用于培根的这一比喻。通常被称为现代化学之父的罗伯特·博伊尔和艾萨克·牛顿都用过experimentum crucis “关键性实验”这一类似的拉丁语词组。 当这些词组被译成英语后，就成了crucial instance 和 crucial experiment 这两个词组 〔sweat〕To suffer much, as for a misdeed.受苦：为错误而吃许多苦头〔capable〕an error capable of remedy.一个可弥补的错误〔pervert〕To put to a wrong or improper use; misuse.See Synonyms at corrupt 滥用，误用：使错误或不恰当地使用；误用 参见 corrupt〔frequent〕frequent errors of judgment.判断中经常出现的错误〔misdescribe〕To describe wrongly or falsely.错误地或有缺陷地描写〔deceive〕These verbs mean to lead another into error, danger, or a disadvantageous position, for the most part by underhand means.这动词是通过狡诈的手段把他人导入错误、危险或不利的位置的意思。〔apologize〕To make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault or offense.道歉，认错，愧悔：为错误或罪过而作的道歉或悔过〔repair〕To make up for or compensate for (a loss or wrong, for example).弥补：补偿或赔偿（如损失或错误）〔mondo〕a mondo big mistake.非常严重的错误〔mistake〕To recognize or identify incorrectly:误认：错误地认知或鉴别：〔hokum〕Something apparently impressive or legitimate but actually untrue or insincere; nonsense.废话，无聊话：看似感人或合理，但实际上错误或虚伪的；废话〔rap〕To accept punishment or take the blame for an offense or error.接受处罚：接受惩罚或因为冒犯或错误而接受批评〔misunderstand〕To understand incorrectly; misinterpret.误解：错误理解；误解〔woeful〕woeful treatment of the accused; woeful errors in judgment.被告的可悲处置；审判中可悲的错误〔misspell〕To spell incorrectly.误拼：错误地拼写〔amiss〕plans that went wrong. aright 计划出了错误 aright〔reclaim〕To bring back, as from error, to a right or proper course; reform.See Synonyms at save 1使改正：使从诸如错误中回到正确或合适的道路轨迹上来；改造 参见 save1〔methodology〕the methodology of genetic studies; an opinion poll marred by faulty methodology.遗传学研究的方法；被错误地损害了效果的观点调查〔pick〕To seek and discover flaws or a flaw in:挑剔：在…寻找或发现一个或几个错误：〔misuse〕To use incorrectly.滥用：错误地使用〔misfeasance〕mes- [wrongly] from Old French * see mis- 1mes- [错误地] 源自 古法语 * 参见 mis-1〔cycad〕erroneous reading of koïkas [accusative pl. of] koïx [a kind of palm tree] koïkas的错误读法 koïx的宾格复数 [棕榈树的一种] 〔bad〕"this wicked man Hitler, the repository and embodiment of many forms of soul-destroying hatred, this monstrous product of former wrongs and shame" (Winston S. Churchill). “这个邪恶的人-希特勒，是很多切齿仇恨的堆积和化身，是从前错误和耻辱的魔鬼产物” （温斯顿S·丘吉尔）〔protagonist〕Theprotagonist of a Greek drama was its leading actor, of whom there could be but one in any play.This is an etymological nicety that many modern writers continue to observe when using the word to refer to the main character of a drama or other fiction.Thus when the members of the Usage Panel were asked "How many protagonists are there inOthello ?” the great majority answered "One"and offered substitutes such asantagonist, villain, principal, and deuteragonist to describe Desdemona and Iago. But there is reputable precedent from the 17th century on for usingprotagonist to mean simply "important actor" or "principal party,”with no implication of uniqueness,as inThere are three protagonists in this sluggish novel. Smith and Jones were the protagonists in the struggle over the future of the computer company. Thus, while some writers may prefer to confine the word to a singular sense in their own usage,it is pedantic to insist that the looser use is incorrect. ·The use ofprotagonist to refer to a proponent has become common only in the 20th century and may have been influenced by a misconception that the first syllable of the word represents the prefixpro-, "favoring.” In sentences such asHe was an early protagonist of nuclear power, this use is likely to strike many readers as an errorand can usually be replaced byadvocate or proponent with no loss of sense.希腊戏剧的protagnist 是主角， 且在任何戏剧中仅有一个主角。许多现代作家在用这个词时都注意使它指代戏剧或其他小说的主要人物，因此当用法专题小组成员被问及“在奥赛罗 里有几个主要人物?”时， 大部分人回答“一个”，而且用如antagonist、villain、principal 和 deuteragonist 等词来描述苔丝德蒙娜和雅各。 但是从十七进纪开始，有一个使用protagonist 的规范惯例， 仅表示“重要的演员”或“首要的政党”，而丝毫没有独一无二的暗示，象在句子在这部文风拖沓的小说中有三个人物。 史密斯和琼斯是为计算公司的未来而奋斗的主角中一样。 因此，当某些作家可能在他们自己的用法中偏于把这个词限制在一个简单的含义中时，仍强调自由用法不正确就是卖弄学问的了。用protagonist 来指代建议者或支持者仅在20世纪开始变得常见， 而且被对于代表意为“支持的”前缀pro- 的该词第一个音节的误解所影响。 在句子他是核武力的早期支持者 中， 这种用法可能会使读者认为是个错误，而且常被advocate 或 proponent 所替代， 同时也不会有任何意思的遗漏〔schlimazel〕Middle High German slimp [wrong] 中古高地德语 slimp [错误] 〔oversimplify〕To cause distortion or error by extreme simplification of a subject.过分简单化：因为一题目的极度简单化而引起曲解或错误〔fieldfare〕error for *feldefare *feldefare的错误 〔reject〕To discard as defective or useless; throw away.抛弃：因错误或无用；扔掉〔cumulative〕Of or relating to experimental error that increases in magnitude with each successive measurement.累积的：随连续的每一次测量而实验性错误大幅增长的 |
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