| 单词 | 学术文章 |
| 释义 | 〔czar〕The wordczar can also be spelled tsar. Czar is the most common form in American usageand virtually the only one employed in the extended senses "any tyrant" or informally, "one in authority.”Buttsar is preferred by most scholars of Slavic studies as a more accurate transliteration of the Russian and is often found in scholarly writing with reference to one of the Russian emperors.单词czar 也能拼写为 tsar。 Czar 是最普遍的美国用法，并且实际上是唯一引申为“任何独裁者”或者非正式指“当权者”的词语。但是tsar 是大多数斯拉夫语研究学者更多地用作俄语的更加正确的翻译， 并且经常在学术文章中指其中的一位沙皇〔monograph〕A scholarly piece of writing of essay or book length on a specific, often limited subject.专著：通篇论述某一具体的，通常是限定的专题学术文章或书〔paper〕A formal written composition intended to be published, presented, or read aloud; a scholarly essay or treatise.学术论文：一篇写好的正式著作，为了出版、讲演或宣读；学术文章或论文 |
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